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What is Energy ?
What is Energy ?
Physics the capacity of a physical system to do work. # a biological resource used to control the environment # the ability to do work
Unit : joule, J
Scalar
Form of Energy
Solar energy
Nuclear energy
Electric energy
Renewable Energy
Biodisel Bioetanol Biosolar Biomass Solar energy etc.
hc
Harvested energy from sunlight CO2 H2O
E h
h = plank constant 6.63 x 10-34 J s
O2
Heat
v = wavelength of light
c = speed of light 2,998 x 108 m s-1
Chemical Energy
Maintain cell
Maintaining body heat Generating light (fireflies) Fighting off infection Growth Reproduction and so on
Energy
Two of the several Requirements for life, as we know it can be inferred from energy transformations : 1. Mechanisms to control energy flow 2. Mechanisms for the storage and transmission of biological information.
What is it ????
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"molecular currency" of intracellular energy transfer proposed to be the main energytransfer molecule in the cell by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941 ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism
Helicase
Helicase
Using energy from ATP hydrolysis
ATP Hydrolysis
ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored and transported in the high-energy phosphoanhydridic bonds in ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is released. The product is ADP (Adenosine diphosphate), anorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (Pi) and release energy
Synthesis of cellular molecules Cellular movement Generation of an electrical potential across membrane Heat Synthesis of membranes
Production of ATP
In Plant, ATP is synthesized in thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in a process called photophosphorylation
In Eukaryotic Cell, ATP is produced in Mitochondria. The process helps by ATP Synthase
Potential Energy Bond energy energy of covalent and non-covalent. Ion-ion interactions : 14 kcal mol-1 dispersion interactions : 0.01 kcal mol-1 Chemical energy energy of difference in concentration across a permeable barrier. Electrical energy energy of charge separation, for example the electric field across the two lipid bilayer membranes surrounding a mitochondrion (about 20 kJ mol-1
Conservation of Energy
Energy is neither created nor destroyed
System
Consist of : Solvent, water, buffer salts, enzyme molecule, the substrate recognized by enzyme, the product of enzyme reaction, and other chemical dissolved.
Open system :
Matter can be exchanged between system and surrounding
Heat
oxidation (burning) of wood gives off heat
Heat or thermal energy is a form of kinetic energy, energy arising from motion.
Heat is the change in energy of system that results from its temperature differing from that of the surroundings
The change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system
U Q W
W is defined as the work done on the system instead of work done by the system Biological Thermodynamics In the context of chemical reactions and process, it may be more common to deal with situations where work is done on the system rather than by it.
Carbon is the biggest contributor to the weight of body Is there any energetic explanation of this ?
N-N bonds = 160 kJ/mol O-O bonds = 140 kJ/mol C-C bonds = 345 kJ/mol support the life !!!
Reference
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn www.sciencebyjones.com/physics_definitions. htm