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An Introduction to Telephone
The first telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. The first phone company was started in 1879 ( International Bell Telephone Company (IBTC) and now known as American Telephone & Telegraph Company AT&T). Slogan A phone in every household.
The device which allows conversation to two or more users when they are not in the same vicinity of each other to be heard directly.
Earlier telephones were based on analog communication.
VoIP
A recent application of Internet technology
Voice over IP (VoIP) which means Transmission of voice over Internet Introduction of VoIP in 1995 by Vocaltec Inc. The use of the Internet that was originally designed to carry computer data to carry voice
Voice over Internet Protocol Also known as :
Next Generation Voice Network IP Telephony Voice over Internet Voice over Internet Protocol
similar concepts.
Spreads at a fast pace Independent
No geographical restriction
Interconnection
IP telephone system needs to interoperate with PSTN or
another IP telephone system. Two additional components needed for such interconnection:
Media Gateway Signaling Gateway
VoIP Components
Sender
Encoder Packetizer
Receiver Network
Playback Buffer Depacketizer Decoder
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Programmable buttons Foot stand adjuster Display button Message button Directories button Help button Settings button Services button Volume button
Speaker button Mute button Headset button Navigation button
VoIP Phone
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Advantages
Use computer and phone at same time Do not need multiple phone lines Unlimited talking time world wide Local, long distance, international calls all the same
price
Talk with several people at same time with no
additonal cost
Disadvantages
Some VoIP services do not work during power outages If a remote site fails connections may be unreachable
packet loss
What is Traffic
Traffic is defined as either the amount of data or the number of messages over a circuit during a given period of time. It is also defined as the relationship between the call attempts and the speed with which the calls are completed.
The most important factors that should be taken into the account when analyzing the traffic Traffic Load measurement
Grade of Service
Traffic Types
Sampling Methods
- The delay experienced in receiving a packet when a packet is expected to arrive at the end point at a certain time Latency - The time taken for a packet to arrive at its destination Bandwidth It is to be shared between voice and computer data Packet loss - It is not acceptable Reliability Scalability Ability to add more telephone instruments Security As it uses internet therefore it is vulnerable to the security risks.
PC
Network
PC
Vbuzzer
Vbuzzer
Vbuzz er Caller
Proxy Serve r
Vbuzz er Callee