S6-3 Handover

HANDOVER PROCESS
NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /
HANDOVER PROCESS Contents

1. Overview 2. Handover Decision 3. Target Cell Selection 4. Algorithms 5. Power Budget Handover
6. Level & Quality Handover

7. Umbrella Handover Combined Umbrella & Power Budget MS Speed 8. Imperative Handover 9. Timers for Handovers
10. C/I Based Handover Candidate

2 NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /
Evaluation
HANDOVER PROCESS
What is the purpose of HO?
Call continuity Call quality Others...
HANDOVER PROCESS
Causes
Uplink Quality Downlink Quality Uplink Level Downlink Level MS Speed Timing Advance AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO AV_RXQUAL_DL_HO AV_RXLEV_UL_HO AV_RXLEV_DL_HO AV_MS_SPEED AV_RANGE_HO DISTANCE RAPID FIELD DROP Adjacent Cells AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) CHANNEL ADMINISTRATION DIRECTED RETRY QUALITY & INTERFERENCE LEVEL MS SPEED THRESHOLD COMPARISON
IMPERATIVE HO
Others: Intelligent Underlay Overlay Traffic Reason .

POWER BUDGET UMBRELLA PERIODIC CHECKS
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover Desicion
Handover process may be triggered by Quality, field strength or distance values fall below/exceed their threshold Periodic checks Power budget HO Umbrella HO
HANDOVER PROCESS Handover Priority

Handover priority 1. Uplink and downlink Interference 2. Uplink quality 3. Downlink quality 4. Uplink level 5. Downlink level 6. Distance 7. Rapid Field Drop 8. Slow moving MS 9. Better cell i.e. Periodic check (Power Budget HO or Umbrella HO) 10. PC: Lower quality/level thresholds (UL/DL) 11. PC: Upper quality/level thresholds (UL/DL)
HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover Algorithms
In all Handover cases (in imperative HO only requirement) 1.
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n) + Max (0, A) A = msTxPwrMax(n) - P P = depending on MS Classmark
Except for Umbrella Handover 1. AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > hoLevelUmbrella(n)
The additional condition
where 2. PBGT > hoMarginPBGT(n) PBGT = ((msTxPwrMax - msTxPwrMax(n))-(AV_RXLEV_DL_HO - AV_RXLEV_NCELL - (btsTxPwrMax - BTS_TXPWR)) 2.
PBGT > hoMarginLev/Qual(n) where PBGT = (AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) - AV_RXLEV_DL_HO)-(btsTxPwrMax BTS_TXPWR)

If enableHoMarginLevQual = Y
HANDOVER PROCESS
Target Cell Selection (1/2)
Best candidates to RR Management: Only for Adjacent intra BSC HO max 16 cells under the same BSC as the source cell Cell of the inter BSC HO numberOfPreferredCells same BSC
Load check of Candidates by btsLoadThreshold (0..100%) 1. If overloaded priority decreased by hoLoadFactor (0...7)
2.
Comparison of priorities of Candidates (hoLevelPriority (0..7)) If two or more Adjacent cells with equal priorities
3. -> Ranking based on radio properties
HANDOVER PROCESS
Target Cell Selection (2/2)
All cells have equal priority
One cell has higher priority because of some rea b

-80 overl. 1 3 2 -80
cell
Rx_Level 1. Load hoLoadFactor 2. Priority New Priority 3. Rx_Level => cell list
a
-75 overl. 1 3 2 -75 c , a ,b
c
-83 n.overl. 1 3 3 -83
cell Rx_Level 1. Load hoLoadFactor 2. Priority New Priority 3. Rx_Level => cell list => cell list
a -75 n./overl. 2 4 4/2 -75
b -80 n.overl. 1 3 3 -80
c -83 n.overl. 1 3 3 -83
a,b,c (if cell a is not overload) b,c,a
HANDOVER PROCESS
Power Budget Handover (1/2)
Trigger Periodic Check ( hoPeriodPBGT ) Candidate Selection
Equation 1 & 2 used

Priority and Load Considered Typically used between cells of the same "Layer"
Parameter hoPeriodPBGT enablePwrBudgetHandover rxLevMinCell(n) msTxPwrMax(n) hoMarginPBGT(n)

Value 1 ... 63 (SACCH Period) Y/N -110 -47 dBm 5 43 dBm -24 24 dB
HANDOVER PROCESS
Power Budget Handover (2/2)
Equations 1 and 2 are used Serving Cell: AV_RXLEV_DL_HO = -90 dBm msTxPwrMax = 33 dBm (= 2W) btsTxPwrMax = 42 dBm (= 16 W) BTS_TX_PWR = 42 dBm = (16 W) hoMarginPBGT(n) = 6 dB Best Adjacent Cell: AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) = -80 dBm rxLevMinCell(n) = -99 dBm msTxPwrMax(n) = 33 dBm (= 2W) btsTxPwrMax = 42 dBm (= 16 W)
1.
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n) + Max (0, msTxPwrMax(n) - msTxPwrMax) -80 dBm > -99 dBm + (33 dBm - 33 dBm) = -99 dBm
2.
PBGT = ((msTxPwrMax- msTxPwrMax(n)) - (AV_RXLEV_DL_HO-AV_RXLEV_NCELL - (btsTxPwrMax - BTS_TXPWR) PBGT = ((33dBm-33dBm)-(-90 - -80)-(42dBm-42dBm) = 10 dB 10 dB > 6 dB OK !!!!
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HANDOVER PROCESS Handover due to Level (1/2)

Trigger Threshold Comparison ( hoThresholdsLevUL/DL (px - nx) ) Candidate Selection Equation 1 used Equation 2 used if enableHoMarginLevQual = N Equation 2' with hoMarginLev used if enableHoMarginLevQual =Y Priority and Load Considered Parameter hoThresholdLevUL/DL px nx rxLevMinCell(n) msTxPwrMax(n) hoMarginLev(n)
Value -110 -47 1 32 1 32 -110 -47 dBm 5 43 dBm -24 24 dB
HANDOVER PROCESS Handover due to Level (2/2)
Equations 1 and 2 are used if parameter enableHoMarginLevQual is set Y

hoMarginLev = 4 dB Trigger for Handover due to Level A Threshold -95 dBm B => Cell (Lev) 2 dB
B is not selected as candidate for HO due to level since 2dB < 4 dB
13
HANDOVER PROCESS Handover due to Quality (1/2)

Trigger Threshold Comparison ( hoThresholdsQualUL/DL (px - nx) ) Candidate Selection Equation 1 used Equation 2 used if enableHoMarginLevQual = N Equation 2' with hoMarginQual used if enableHoMarginLevQual = Y Priority and Load Considered Parameter hoThresholdQualUL/DL px nx rxLevMinCell(n) msTxPwrMax(n) hoMarginQual(n)
Value 07 1 32 1 32 -110 -47 dBm 5 43 dBm -24 24 dB
HANDOVER PROCESS Handover due to Quality (2/2)
Equations 1 and 2 are used if parameter enableHoMarginLevQual is set Y

hoMarginQual = 0 dB Trigger for Handover HO due to Quality A 2 dB B
=> Cell
B is selected as potential candidate for HO due to Quality since 2 dB > 0 dB
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HANDOVER PROCESS
Handover due to Interference (1/3)
Trigger : Threshold Comparison
Threshold Comparison for Quality ( hoThresholdsQualUL/DL (px - nx) ) Threshold Comparison for Level ( hoThresholdsInterferenceUL/DL (px nx) ) Candidate Selection Priority for InterCell / Intracell HO selected at BSC independently for UL / DL Priority InterCell HO Quality HO if any candidate If not IntraCell HO Priority IntraCell HO Parameter Value hoThresholdInterferenceUL/DL px nx enableIntraHoInterfUL/DL hoPreferenceOrderInterfUL/DL
-110 -47 1 32 1 32 Y/N INTER / INTRA BSC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Equations 1 and 2 are used if parameter enableHandoverMarginQual is set Y

hoThresholdQual =4 hoThresholdInterferenceDL = -85 dBm hoPreferenceOrderInterfDL = intra
Trigger for Handover due to Interferenc
Threshold (Interference Lev) A -85 dBm

B - Field 0
strength higher than threshold - Bad quality => interference => intra cell handover !!
HANDOVER PROCESS
Intracell HO based on the UL idle channel interference measurements can effectively avoid UL interference when the network load is reasonable
RTSL
Low
TRX 1
Idle channel interference level High
TRX 2
f1, f2, f3
TRX 3
When the load is high in the network, the gain of intracell HO is low
RTSL
0 Low
TRX 1
Idle channel interference level
TRX 2
f1, f2, f3
High
TRX 3
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HANDOVER PROCESS
Umbrella Handover (1/2)
Trigger Periodic Check ( hoPeriodUmbrella ) Candidate Selection Equation 1' used Consistency between mobile classmark and target cell power constraints Priority and Load Considered Multi-Layered Network Example GSM MS class 4 (33 dBm) gsmMacrocellThreshold = 35 dBm gsmMicrocellThreshold = 33 dBm msTxPwrMax(n) = 33 dBm hoLevUmbrella = -85 dBm hoThresholdLevDL = -90 dBm
Macro cell Umbrella Handover A -85 dBm -90 dBm B Umbrella Handover Handover due to Level Handover due to Level
Micro cell
6 dB
HANDOVER PROCESS Umbrella Handover (2/2)

Max power capability of MS >= gsmMacrocellThreshold
HO allowed only to a macrocell ( MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) >= gsmMacrocellThreshold )

gsmMicrocellThreshold < Max power capability of MS < gsmMacrocellThreshold
HO only to middle size cell ( gsmMicrocellThreshold < MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) < gsmMacrocellThreshold
Max power capability of MS <= gsm MicrocellThreshold HO allowed only to microcell ( MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) <= gsmMicrocellThreshold ) Parameter Value
enableUmbrellaHandover hoPeriodUmbrella hoLevelUmbrella gsmMicrocellThreshold gsmMacrocellThreshold

Y/N 0 63 (SACCH) -110 -47 5 43 5 43 BSC
HANDOVER PROCESS
Combined Umbrella & Power Budget
When enablePowerBudgetHo = Yes & enableUmbrellaHo = Yes
Power Budget Handover to cells of the same layer

Umbrella Handover to cells of different layer Based on gsmMacrocellThreshold, gsmMicrocellThreshold
msTxPwrMax, msTxPwrMax(n)
MS classmark
m acrocells
UM B RR PBGT
um brella HO radio reason HO power budget HO
PBGT,RR UM B,RR PBGT,RR m icrocells UM B,RR
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HANDOVER PROCESS
Adjacent Cell Layer Definition
Three layers visible to serving cell To be used in Fast moving MS handling in macro cell HOs based on MS speed (BSS6) Combined umbrella and power budget Umbrella HO Supports multilayer networks
upper layer (macro) Parameter adjacentCellLayer
same layer (serving layer)
lower layer (micro)
N (not in use)
HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed
Multi-Layer Network Slow Moving MS in Microcells Problem : Determine the MS speed Direct MS to correct Layer Fast Moving MS in Macrocells
Methods (Nokia specific) Fast moving MS handling (S5) MS speed detection (S6)
23
HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed : Fast Moving MS Handling
Fast Moving MS Handling in macro layer # of measurements received from adjacent microcells slow or fast moving MS
Macro cells parameters for each adjacent micro cell: fastMovingThreshold 0 .. 255 rxLevMinCell hoLevelUmbrella Counter for each adjacent micro cell +2 measurement and over rxLevMinCell -1 no meas. or bad level Target cell selection based on adjacent cell RX_LEVEL and on hoLevelUmbrella BSC
micro macro as serving cell

HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed
FMMS Example
macrocells time t hoLevelUmbrella = -85 dBm
measured signal strength RxMinCell = -95 dBm
HO
HO
FMT Threshold=40
microcells
time t
FMT Counter
25
HANDOVER PROCESS MS Speed

FMMS Example
macrocells
time t hoLevelUmbrella = -85 dBm RxMinCell = -85 dBm measured signal strength HO HO
microcells FMT Threshold=40
time t FMT Counter
26
HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed : MS Speed Detection (1/3)
BTS detects the MS speed by using crossing rate algorithm BTS supports measurement of MS speed Call is on non-hopping TCH (no SDCCH, no Hopping TRX) BTS sends MS speed indications every SACCH multiframe period (480 msec.) Speed Indications are not valid if ( * ) UL DTX was used during the SACCH period ( ** ) MS was changing output power during the SACCH period
27
HANDOVER PROCESS
BSC Averages MS speed indications
Window Size is msSpeedAveraging ( pre processing in BTS ) Result is AV_MS_SPEED BSC ignores non valid speed indications ( * , ** )
AV_MS_SPEED is compared with Thresholds
LowerSpeedLimit UpperSpeedLimit px and nx are in common
28
HANDOVER PROCESS
LowerSpeedLimit : Enables identification / triggers handover for slowmoving MS UpperSpeedLimit : Enables identification / triggers handover for fastmoving MS Target Cell Selection Fast-moving to upper / Slow-moving to lower layer adjacent cells Equation 1' used Priority considered Parameter msSpeedAveraging lowerSpeedLimit upperSpeedLimit msSpeedThresholdNx msSpeedThresholdPx adjCellLayer hoLevelUmbrella
0 means "Not Used"
Value
1 ... 32 (SACCH Period) 0 255 0 255 1 32 1 32 N / Same / Upper / Lower -110 ... -47 dBm
HANDOVER PROCESS
MS Speed
Combination of Fast Moving MS Handling (BSC) and MS Speed Detection (BTS)
macrocell with RF hopping
fast MSs
BTS
BSC
BSS6/MS speed
BSS5/Fast MS
Adjacent cell measurements meas_res HO&PC algorithm BTS Crossing rate algorithm
slow MSs
microcell(s) , no RF hopping
30
HANDOVER PROCESS Imperative Handover
Handover considered to be imperative: Handover due to Distance Order to empty a cell ( from O&M ) Directed Retry and IDR Rapid Field Drop
31
HANDOVER PROCESS
Imperative Handover: Distance

Distance Process Distance Process ---> msDistanceBehaviour (0,1..60,255) in BSC 0 : Release immediately 1 - 60 : Release after certain time 1 - 60 s, try handover during that time 255 : No release, only imperative Handover attempt
Parameter
enableMsDistanceProcess msDistanceHoThresholdParam px nx msDistanceBehaviour
Value
Y/N 0 63 1 32 1 32 0, 1 60, 255 BSC
32
HANDOVER PROCESS
Imperative Handover :Rapid Field Drop (1/2)
Trigger Threshold Comparison ( HoThresholdRapidLevUl (px) )
Rx_Lev_UL (Not averaged / Only UL)
Candidate Selection Only Chained adjacent cell Equation 1 only / no priority Multi-Layered Network
MS Serving Cell
Chained Cell
Parameter hoThresholdLevULforRapidFieldDrop hoThresholdRapidLevU1N chainedAdjacentCell

Value -110 ... -47 dBm 0 ... 32 Y/N
HANDOVER PROCESS Imperative Handover :Rapid Field Drop (2/2)

Serving Cell MS Chained Cell
Example
hoThresholdRapidLevUl = - 93 dBm hoThresholdRapidLevUlN (px) = 2 chainedAdjacentCell = Yes
Serving Cell
-93 dBm 1st Rapid Field Drop Handover
.
. 2nd
34
HANDOVER PROCESS
Imperative Handover:Enhanced Rapid Field Drop (1/3)
In case of DDE (Deep Dropping Edge), the averaging window sizes and power budget period are reduced level downlink window size level uplink window size adjacent cell averaging window size handover period power budget
Signal Level
A MS moves away from cell site, the signal is dropping gradually
Signal Level
MS moves away from cell site, the signal is dropping gradually MS turns a corner, the signal drops faster than moving in straight line
A MS turns a corner, the signal drops rapidly
Figure 7 Signal Strength of a Fast Moving MS
Time
Figure 8 Signal Strength of a Slow Moving MS
Time
35
HANDOVER PROCESS
Imperative Handover:Enhanced Rapid Field Drop (2/3)
Parameter Value
erfdEnabled ddeThresholdLev Nx Px ddeWindow modifiedAveWinNcell modifiedNOZ erfdOver
DIS, UL, DL or UDL 0 63 dB 1 32 1 32 1 32 SACCH 1 32 1 32 1 64 sec
36
HANDOVER PROCESS Imperative Handover:Enhanced Rapid Field Drop (3/3) Example

ddeWindow = 3 SACCH (n = 3) ddeThresholdLev = 10, px = 2 and nx =3 the BSC compares the most recent measurement sample 8 (multiframe k) with the measurement sample 5 (multiframe k-n).
Sample Signal level 1 -71 dBm 2 -68 dBm 3 -70 dBm 4 -71 dBm 5 -69 dBm 6 -70 dBm 7 -75 dBm 8 -83 dBm
DDE_LEVEL = RXLEV(k- ddeWindow) RXLEV(k) = -69 dBm (-83 dBm) = 14 dB
37
HANDOVER PROCESS Practical Examples

a 1. Adjacent Channel in Adjacent Cell - 9dB
C I a - 9 dB
In practice after -6 dB -> interference increases and quality goes down to 4-5 hoMarginLev < 6 dB
2. Cell with Very Large Coverage Area MS switched off in cell A and transferred to area of cell X MS switched on in new place -> MS tries first old channel + neighbours
A x
X x
20 km
MS camped on cell A which is not in neighbour list of cell X -> do not listen BCCH of cell X -> no HOs to cell X !!!
38
HANDOVER PROCESS
Timers
Minimum time between consecutive handovers related to the same connections MinIntBetweenHoReq Minimum time between handover attempts after a failure MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt Applied differently in Intercell / Intracell handovers Additional Guard Periods are used for Back-handovers Quality
Distance
Traffic reason Interference Parameter minIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt minIntBetweenHoReq
Value 0 ... 30 (seconds) 0 ... 30 (seconds)
HANDOVER PROCESS
Timers (HO Failure)
Reversion to old channel OR no radio resource available MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt applied only to intra-cell handover attempts Other failure cases (BSS failures)
MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt applied to all types of handover attempts

Reversion to old channel ( 1 + NUMBER_OF_HO_FAIL ) * MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt applied to handover attempts to the same target cell No Radio Resource Available MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt applied to handover attempts to the same target cells ( all those in the list ) Other Failure Cases MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt applied to all types of handover NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 / attempts
40
HANDOVER PROCESS
Timers ( Guard period for back - handover )
after a HO due to quality (UL/DL) and interference (UL/DL): a Power Budget HO back is not allowed during GUARD_TIME = 2 * HoPeriodPBGT an Umbrella HO back is not allowed during GUARD_TIME = 2 * HoPeriodUmbrella after an inter-cell HO due to MS-BS distance: a HO back to the source cell is not allowed during GUARD_TIME = 20sec + MinIntBetweenHOReq
after a Traffic Reason HO: Power Budget HO and Umbrella HO back to the source are not allowed during GUARD_TIME = 20sec + MinIntBetweenHOReq
Repetitive Intra Cell HO not allower during GUARD_TIME = 4 * MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt
41
Advanced Multilayer Handling:

three features concept
Intelligent underlay-overlay AMH 1 Handover
AMH 2
GSM/super
Multilayer handling AMH 3
Load
PBGTm Penalty IUO
MCN
>80
<50
0
-
60
-
Yes
Yes
GSM1800/micro
42
AMH 1:
BSC Initiated TRHO benefits (1/2)
Network wide load can be smoothed out by reducing power budget margins between heavy loaded and less loaded cells => more trunking efficiency => more capacity Capacity of the regular layer can be released and performance of IUO is increased => Quality + capacity Ping-pong handovers are avoided due to AMH penalty system => quality
Handover
+0 dB
+4dB
+6 dB
43
AMH 1:
BSC Initiated TRHO benefits (2/2)
New algorithm: 1. AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > TRHO_TARGET_LEVEL(n)+Max(0,(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CELL(n)-P)) 2.PBGT (n) > AmhTrhoPbgtMArgin and PBGT(n) < HOMArginPBGT Parameters AmhTrhoPbgtMargin AmhUpperLoadThreshold AmhMaxLoadOfTgtCell TrhoGuardTime Values -24dBm..+24dBm,N 0100% 0100% 0120 sec
44
AMH 2:
IUO Load Control benefits
During a very light load, only regular frequencies are used. Thus additional handovers are avoided => increases quality
super-reuse TRX
45
AMH 3: Multilayer Load Control benefits

Avoid additional handovers between different layers => quality
In the night time, when the load is very small, and the speed of the MSs can be very fast, the MSs can be kept in the macro cell layer => quality
GSM/macro
DCS/micro
46
AMH 2 and AMH 3

Parameters
Parameters AmhTrafficControlIUO AmhTrafficControlMCN AmhLowerLoadThreshold
Values Y/N Y/N 0100%
47
Direct Access to Desired Layer/Band (1/3)

DADL/B is DR like procedure, triggered due to exceded TCH load in accessed cell Target cells are selected according to MS properties, radio environment and adjacent cell indications and priorities
Allows also the support for Phase 1 MSs

SDCCH accessed P-GSM 900 macro cell
1st 3rd TCH P-GSM 900 micro cell 2nd TCH E-GSM 900 cell GSM 1800 cell TCH
48
BENEFIT: By directing the calls to proper layer / band as early as possible the network can absorb more traffic and thus provide more capacity NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /
DADL/B functionality (2/3)

DADL/B is applied in call setup phase if
DADL/B feature is enabled with BSC level optionality management parameter

TCH load of accessed cell exceeds the BTSLoadThreshold There are adjacent cells defined with the dadlbTargetCell parameter (cells verified according to MS capabilities), which are to be used as target cells for DADL/B handover.
The signal level of the DADL/B target cell exceeds the HOLevelUmbrella(n)
BSC will evaluate the target cells for DADL/B handover during the time indicated with the MinTimeLimitDR parameter
Adjacent cell priorities HOPriorityLevel(n) and load factors HOLoadFactor(n) are used in target cell sorting for DADL/B handover
DR will be applied if there is real TCH congestion in accessed cell If the DADL/B handover fails (no TCHs available in target cells, no DADL/B target cells, MS returns to old channel) the TCH is tried to allocate attempted from the accessed cell Pre-emption has higher priority than DADL/B handover

49
DADL/B applications (3/3)

The use of DADL/B is flexible with adjacent cell indications and thus DADL/B can be tailored to different environments / concepts
Office
Multilayer
2nd 2nd
1st
1st
Multiband
Multilayer & band
GSM 900 macro
GSM 900
GSM 1800
GSM 1800 GSM 900 micro

S6-3 Handover

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S6-3 Handover

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HANDOVER PROCESS

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

HANDOVER PROCESS Contents

6. Level & Quality Handover

10. C/I Based Handover Candidate

What is the purpose of HO?

Call continuity Call quality Others...

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

Others: Intelligent Underlay Overlay Traffic Reason .

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

HANDOVER PROCESS Handover Priority

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n) + Max (0, A) A = msTxPwrMax(n) - P P = depending on MS Classmark

Except for Umbrella Handover 1. AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > hoLevelUmbrella(n)

The additional condition

PBGT > hoMarginLev/Qual(n) where PBGT = (AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) - AV_RXLEV_DL_HO)-(btsTxPwrMax BTS_TXPWR)

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

3. -> Ranking based on radio properties

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

All cells have equal priority

One cell has higher priority because of some rea b

a -75 n./overl. 2 4 4/2 -75

b -80 n.overl. 1 3 3 -80

c -83 n.overl. 1 3 3 -83

a,b,c (if cell a is not overload) b,c,a

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

Equation 1 & 2 used

Parameter hoPeriodPBGT enablePwrBudgetHandover rxLevMinCell(n) msTxPwrMax(n) hoMarginPBGT(n)

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

HANDOVER PROCESS Handover due to Level (1/2)

Value -110 -47 1 32 1 32 -110 -47 dBm 5 43 dBm -24 24 dB

HANDOVER PROCESS Handover due to Level (2/2)

Equations 1 and 2 are used if parameter enableHoMarginLevQual is set Y

B is not selected as candidate for HO due to level since 2dB < 4 dB

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

HANDOVER PROCESS Handover due to Quality (1/2)

Value 07 1 32 1 32 -110 -47 dBm 5 43 dBm -24 24 dB

HANDOVER PROCESS Handover due to Quality (2/2)

Equations 1 and 2 are used if parameter enableHoMarginLevQual is set Y

B is selected as potential candidate for HO due to Quality since 2 dB > 0 dB

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

-110 -47 1 32 1 32 Y/N INTER / INTRA BSC

Equations 1 and 2 are used if parameter enableHandoverMarginQual is set Y

Trigger for Handover due to Interferenc

Threshold (Interference Lev) A -85 dBm

Handover due to Interference (3/3)

Idle channel interference level High

Idle channel interference level

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

HANDOVER PROCESS Umbrella Handover (2/2)

HO allowed only to a macrocell ( MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) >= gsmMacrocellThreshold )

enableUmbrellaHandover hoPeriodUmbrella hoLevelUmbrella gsmMicrocellThreshold gsmMacrocellThreshold

Y/N 0 63 (SACCH) -110 -47 5 43 5 43 BSC

Power Budget Handover to cells of the same layer

um brella HO radio reason HO power budget HO

PBGT,RR UM B,RR PBGT,RR m icrocells UM B,RR

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

same layer (serving layer)

lower layer (micro)

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /

micro macro as serving cell

measured signal strength RxMinCell = -95 dBm

NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /