The Flat Earth Koran

06 of 13 - Beneath the Flat Earth

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 1

An interpretation of the Cosmology of
the Koran & a critique of Islamic
Fundamentalism

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 2

Beneath the Earth – Modern Science

Despite claims to the

contrary by some
Islamic Fundamentalists,
the Koran has no idea
whatsoever about what
really is under the
ground.

Instead describes an
imaginary Underworld
similar to that described
in the Bible and other
Mythologies.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 3

Beneath the Earth – According to the
Koran

This is what the Koran says

is under the Earths surface.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 4

 Beneath the Flat Earth
1. Immediately below the Flat Earth is a vast freshwater Ocean.
This is one of “The two Seas” that the Koran repeatedly refers
to.
2. Below this is Hell, a place of fire, where those who reject Islam
end up and where they are believed to suffer everlasting torture.
3. There are seven levels to Hell, each with a gate at its entrance.
4. Earth is static and unmoving and sits fixed at the centre of the
Universe.
5. The Earth is probably sits upon mountain like Pillars. This is
basically the same as in Mesopotamian Cosmology although
differing in detail.
6. Mountains help keep the Earth in place and protect it from
Earthquakes.
7. The Earth sits in a vast Cosmic Ocean similar to that in other
Mythologies.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 5

 1. The Subterranean Ocean

Surah 25:53,Surah 27:61, Surah 54:11-12,

Surah 55:19-20

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 6

 The Subterranean Ocean
Underground Freshwater Sea

Barrier between Saltwater

the two sea’s World Ocean

In two previous Presentations in this series, evidence was given to

support the view that the Koran assumes the existence of a vast
Underground Ocean just below the Earths surface.

(See Presentations 02 & 03 & also Surahs 25:53, 27:61, 54:11-12 & 55:19-20)

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 7

 1. Hell

Surah 4:145 , Surah 4:56, Surah 5:86, Surah 9:73,

Surah 17:1, Surah17:8, Surah 21:98, Surah 37:54-55,
Surah 43:74-77, Surah 52:13, Surah 98:6

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 8

 Sinners end up in Hell.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 9

 Surah 17:1 The
Night Journey
This verse of the Koran refers to
Mohammed ascending to Heaven
& descending to Hell.

He is said to have rode upon a

magical animal known as Buraq
& to have been accompanied
by the Angel Gabriel who acted
as his guide.

This picture shows Mohammed

flying above the Kaaba in Mecca.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 10

 Surah 17:1 The Night Journey

Pickthall “Glorified be He Who carried His servant by night from the

inviolable place of worship to the far distant place of worship the
neighbourhood whereof We have blessed, that We might show him of
Our tokens!”
Yusuf Ali “Glory to (God) Who did take His servant for a journey by night
from the sacred mosque to the farthest mosque, whose precincts We did
bless, - in order that We might show him some of Our signs.”
Hilali-Khan “Glorified (and Exalted) be He (Allah) [above all that (evil)
they associate with Him] [Tafsir Qurtubi, Vol. 10, Page 204] “
Shakir “Glory be to Him Who made His servant to go on a night from the
sacred mosque to the remote mosque of which We have blessed the
precincts, so that We may show to him some of Our signs.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 11

 Surah 17:1 The Night Journey
Sher Ali “Glory be to Him Who carried His servant by night from the
Sacred Mosque to the Distant Mosque, the environs of which WE have
blessed, that We might show him some of Our Signs.”
Khalifa “Most glorified is the One who summoned His servant
(Muhammad) during the night, from the Sacred Masjid (of Mecca) to the
farthest place of prostration, whose surroundings we have blessed, in
order to show him some of our signs.”
Arberry “Glory be to Him, who carried His servant by night from the Holy
Mosque to the Further Mosque the precincts of which We have blessed,
that We might show him some of Our signs. He is the All-hearing, the
All-seeing.”
Palmer “Celebrated be the praises of Him who took His servant a
journey by night from the Sacred Mosque, to the Remote Mosque, the
precinct of which we have blessed, to show him of our signs! verily, He
both hears and looks”.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 12

 Surah 17:1 The Night Journey
Rodwell “Glory be to Him who carried his servant by night from the
sacred temple of Mecca to the temple that is more remote, whose
precinct we have blessed, that we might shew him of our signs! for He is
the Hearer, the Seer.”
Sale “Praise be unto him, who transported his servant by night, from the
sacred temple [of Mecca] to the farther temple [of Jerusalem], the circuit
of which we have blessed, that we might shew him [some] of our signs;
for [God is] he who heareth, [and] seeth.”
Irving “Glory be to Him Who had His servant travel by night from the
Hallowed Mosque to the Further Mosque whose surroundings We have
blessed, so We might show him some of Our signs! He is the Alert, the
Observant!”
Dawood “Glory be to Him who made His servant go by night from the
Sacred Temple to the farther Temple whose surroundings we have
blessed, that We might show him some of our signs.He alone hears all
and observes all.”
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 13
 Surah 17:1 The Night Journey

Here Mohammed &

Gabriel are shown
touring Hell & seeing
sinners burning
& being tortured.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 14

 Surah 98:6 Hell for Jews, Christians
& Polytheists
This Surah implies
that Jews and
Christians who do
not accept Islam as
well as those such
as Hindu’s who
have more than one
God will end up in
Hell

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 15

 Surah 98:6 Hell for Jews, Christians &
Polytheists
Pickthall “Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture
and the idolaters, will abide in fire of Hell. They are the worst of created
beings.”
Yusuf Ali “Those who reject (Truth), among the People of the Book and
among the Polytheists, will be in Hell-Fire, to dwell therein (for aye).
They are the worst of creatures.”
Hilali-Khan “Verily, those who disbelieve (in the religion of Islam, the
Qur'an and Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) from among the
people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and Al-Mushrikun will
abide in the Fire of Hell. They are the worst of creatures.”
Shakir “Surely those who disbelieve from among the followers of the
Book and the polytheists shall be in the fire of Hell, abiding therein; they
are the worst of men.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 16

 Surah 98:6 Continued

Sher Ali “Verily, those who disbelieve from among the People of the Book
and the idolaters, will be in the Fire of Hell, abiding therein. They are the
worst of creatures.”
Khalifa “Those who disbelieved among the people of the scripture, and the
idol worshipers, have incurred the fire of Gehenna forever. They are the
worst creatures.”
Arberry “The unbelievers of the People of the Book and the idolaters shall
be in the Fire of Gehenna, therein dwelling forever; those are the worst of
creatures.”
Palmer “Verily, those who disbelieve amongst the people of the Book and
the idolaters shall be in the fire of Hell, to dwell therein for aye; they are
wretched creatures! “

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 17

 Surah 98:6 Continued

Rodwell “But the unbelievers among the people of the Book, and among
the Polytheists, shall go into the fire of Gehenna to abide therein for aye.
Of all creatures are they the worst!”
Sale “Verily those who believe not, among those who have received the
scriptures, and among the idolaters, [shall be cast] into the fire of Hell, to
remain therein [for ever]. These are the worst of creatures.”
Irving “Those People of the Book who disbelieve as well as the associators
will remain in Hell fire; those are the worst creatures”.
Dawood “The unbelievers among the People of the Book and the Pagans
shall burn forever in the fire of Hell.They are the vilest of creatures.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 18

 Surah 4:56
Sinners burning
forever

According to the Koran, the

skin of sinners in Hellfire
will be continuously,
regenerated so that their
suffering is prolonged
indefinitely.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 19

 Surah 4:56 Sinners burning forever
Pickthall “Lo! Those who disbelieve Our revelations, We shall expose them
to the Fire. As often as their skins are consumed We shall exchange them
for fresh skins that they may taste the torment. Lo! Allah is ever Mighty,
Wise.”
Yusuf Ali “Those who reject our Signs, We shall soon cast into the Fire: as
often as their skins are roasted through, We shall change them for fresh
skins, that they may taste the penalty: for God is Exalted in Power, Wise.”
Hilali-Khan “Surely! Those who disbelieved in Our Ayat (proofs, evidences,
verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) We shall burn them in Fire. As
often as their skins are roasted through, We shall change them for other
skins that they may taste the punishment. Truly, Allah is Ever Most
Powerful, All Wise.”
Shakir “(As for) those who disbelieve in Our communications, We shall
make them enter fire; so oft as their skins are thoroughly burned, We will
change them for other skins, that they may taste the chastisement; surely
Allah is Mighty, Wise.”
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 20
 Surah 4:56 continued
Sher Ali “Those who disbelieve in Our Signs, We shall soon cause them
to enter Fire. As often as their skins are burnt up, We shall give them in
exchange other skins that they may continue to taste the punishment.
Surely, Allah is Mighty and Wise.”
Khalifa “Surely, those who disbelieve in our revelations, we will condemn
them to the Hellfire. Whenever their skins are burnt, we will give them
new skins. Thus, they will suffer continuously. God is Almighty, Most
Wise.”
Arberry “Surely those who disbelieve in Our signs -- We shall certainly
roast them at a Fire; as often as their skins are wholly burned, We shall
give them in exchange other skins, that they may taste the chastisement.
Surely God is All-mighty, All-wise.”
Palmer “Verily, those who disbelieve in our signs, we will broil them with
fire; whenever their skins are well done, then we will change them for
other skins, that they may taste the torment. Verily, God is glorious and
wise.”
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 21
 Surah 4:56 continued

Rodwell “Those who disbelieve our signs we will in the end cast into the
fire: so oft as their skins shall be well burnt, we will change them for
fresh skins, that they may taste the torment. Verily God is Mighty, Wise! “
Sale “Verily those who disbelieve our signs, we will surely cast to be
broiled in [Hell] fire; so often as their skins shall be well burned, we will
give them other skins in exchange, that they may taste the [sharper]
torment; for God is mighty and wise.”
Irving “Those who disbelieve in Our signs We will roast in a Fire: each
time their hides are toasted, We shall exchange them for some other
skins so they may taste the torment [again]. God is Powerful, Wise.”
Dawood “Those who deny Our revelations We will burn in fire. No
sooner will their skins be consumed, than We will give them other skins,
so that they may truly taste the scourge.Surely God is mighty and wise.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 22

 Surah 17:1 The Night Journey

This picture shows

women hanging by
their hair & being
tortured in Hell Fire
for the “sin” of stirring
up male lust by
“provocatively” exposing
their hair to men other
than their husbands.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 23

 Surah 5:86 Disbelievers go to Hell
Pickthall “But those who disbelieve and deny Our revelations, they are
owners of Hell-fire.”
Yusuf Ali “But those who reject Faith and belie our Signs, - they shall be
companions of Hell-fire.”
Hilali-Khan “But those who disbelieved and belied Our Ayat (proofs,
evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), they shall be the
dwellers of the (Hell) Fire.”
Shakir “And (as for) those who disbelieve and reject Our
communications, these are the companions of the flame”.
Sher Ali “And those who have disbelieved and rejected Our Signs, these
are they who are the inmates of Hell.”
Khalifa “As for those who disbelieve and reject our revelations, they are
the dwellers of Hell.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 24

 Surah 5:86 Continued

Arberry “But those who disbelieve, and cry lies to Our signs -- they are
the inhabitants of Hell”.
Palmer “But those who disbelieve and say our signs are lies, they are
the fellows of Hell.”
Rodwell “But they who believe not and treat our signs as lies shall be the
inmates of Hell-fire.”
Sale “But they who believe not, and accuse our signs of falsehood, they
[shall be] the companions of Hell”.
Irving “While those who disbelieve and reject Our signs will become the
inmates of Hades! “
Dawood “But those that disbelieve and deny Our revelations shall
become the inmates of Hell.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 25

 Surah 17:1 The Night Journey

Here adulterous
women are shown
impaled on hooks
in Hell Fire

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 26

 Surah 9:73 Disbelievers will end up in
Hell
Pickthall “O Prophet! Strive against the disbelievers & the hypocrites! Be
harsh with them. Their ultimate abode is Hell, a hapless journey's end.”
Yusuf Ali “O Prophet! strive hard against the unbelievers & the Hypocrites,
and be firm against them. Their abode is Hell, - an evil refuge indeed.”
Hilali-Khan “O Prophet (Muhammad)! Strive hard against the disbelievers
& the hypocrites, and be harsh against them, their abode is Hell, - and
worst indeed is that destination.”
Shakir “O Prophet! strive hard against the unbelievers & the hypocrites
and be unyielding to them; and their abode is Hell, and evil is the
destination.”
Sher Ali “O Prophet! strive hard against the disbelievers & the Hypocrites.
And be firm against them. Their abode is Hell, and evil destination it is.”
Khalifa “O you prophet, strive against the disbelievers & the hypocrites,
and be stern in dealing with them. Their destiny is Hell; what a miserable
abode!”
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 27
 Surah 9:73 Continued
Arberry “O Prophet, struggle with the unbelievers and hypocrites, and be
thou harsh with them; their refuge is Gehenna -- an evil homecoming!”
Palmer “O thou prophet! strive strenuously against the misbelievers and
the hypocrites, and be stern against them; for their resort is Hell, and an
ill journey shall it be.”
Rodwell “O Prophet! contend against the infidels and the hypocrites, and
be rigorous with them: Hell shall be their dwelling place! Wretched the
journey thither!”
Sale “O Prophet, wage war against the unbelievers and the hypocrites,
and be severe unto them: For their dwelling shall be Hell; an unhappy
journey [shall it be thither]!”
Irving “0 Prophet, struggle with disbelievers and hypocrites; deal harshly
with them: their lodging will be Hell, and how awful is such a destination.”
Dawood “Prophet, make war on the unbelievers and hypocrites and deal
rigorously with them.Hell will be their home, an evil fate.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 28

 Surah 17:1
The Night
Journey
This picture shows
women who were
too talkative or
disrespectful of
their husbands
hanging by their
tongues above
Hell Fire

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 29

 Surah 43:74-77 Sinners burn forever
in Hell
Pickthall “Lo! the guilty are immortal in Hell's torment.”
Yusuf Ali “The sinners will be in the Punishment of Hell, to dwell therein.”
Hilali-Khan “Verily, the Mujrimun (criminals, sinners, disbelievers, etc.) will
be in the torment of Hell to abide therein forever.”
Shakir “Surely the guilty shall abide in the chastisement of Hell.”
Sher Ali The guilty will, certainly, abide in the punishment of Hell.”
Khalifa “Surely, the guilty will abide in the retribution of Gehenna forever.
Arberry “But the evildoers dwell forever in the chastisement of Gehenna.”
Palmer “Verily, the sinners are in the torment of Hell to dwell for aye.”
Rodwell “But in the torment of Hell shall the wicked remain forever.”
Sale “But the wicked shall remain for ever in the torment of Hell.”
Irving “Yet criminals will remain in Hell's torment.”
Dawood “But the evil doers shall forever endure the torment of Hell

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 30

 Islamic Hell similar to Christian Hell
According to Surah 21:98, the
fires of Hell are fuelled by
burning Non-Muslims & Idols.

Many Islamic Fundamentalists

would include the following in this
category:
11. Roman Catholics
12. Eastern Orthodox Christians
13. Hindu’s
14. Buddhists
15. Taoists
16. Shintoists
17. Other Non-Muslims

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 31

 Surah 21:98 Unbelievers & idols are
the fuel of Hell
Pickthall “Lo! ye (idolaters) and that which ye worship beside Allah are
fuel of Hell. Thereunto ye will come.”
Yusuf Ali “Verily ye, (unbelievers), and the (false) gods that ye worship
besides God, are (but) fuel for Hell! to it will ye (surely) come!”
Hilali-Khan “Certainly! You (disbelievers) and that which you are
worshipping now besides Allah, are (but) fuel for Hell! (Surely), you will
enter it.”
Shakir “Surely you and what you worship besides Allah are the firewood
of Hell; to it you shall come.”
Sher Ali “It will be said to them, `Surely, you and that which you worship
beside Allah are the fuel of Hell. To it you will all come.”
Khalifa “You and the idols you worship besides God will be fuel for Hell;
this is your inevitable destiny.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 32

 Surah 21:98 Continued
Arberry “Surely you, and that you were serving apart from God, are fuel
for Gehenna; you shall go down to it.”
Palmer “Verily, ye, and what ye serve beside God, shall be the pebbles of
Hell, to it shall ye go down!”
Rodwell “Verily, ye, and what ye worship beside God, shall be fuel for hell:
ye shall go down into it.”
Sale “Verily [both] ye, [o men of Mecca], and [the idols] which ye worship
besides God, [shall be] cast [as fuel] into Hell [fire]: Ye shall go down into
the same.”
Irving “You and anything you worship instead of God [will serve as]
pavement for Hell! You are being led to it.”
Dawood “You and your idols shall be the fuel of Hell: therein shall you all
go down.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 33

 Medieval
Mohammed being
tortured in the Christians
Christian Hell in
15th Italian Fresco by returning the
Giovanni da Modena
compliment

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 34

 Buddha saving Souls from Hell

Buddhists & Hindus

also have a concept
of Hells, but it is
temporary and more
like Purgatory.

Unlike Mohammed
or Jesus, Buddha is
supposed to be able
to rescue people
from Hell.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 35

 Hell is underground

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 36

 Location of Islamic Hell
“For them there is Hell, as a couch (below) and folds and folds of covering
above: such is Our requital of those who do wrong.” Surah 7:41 Yusuf Ali

The Koran does not give

a precise description
as to the location of Hell, but

it is referred to as “below”,
Earth “down”, “deep” or being like
a dungeon

This is consistent with Hell

Hell being underground.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 37

 Hellfire or Magma?

Perhaps, the belief in a fiery

underground Hell was an
attempt to explain Volcanoes.

However, the heat of the

Volcano comes from the
decay of radioactive minerals
rather than the burning of
sinners and idols.

Of coarse, Arabs in the time

of Mohammed had no way
of knowing this.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 38

Surah 37:51-55 Looking down from
Heaven on Sinners in Hell

The Koran says that

Muslims in Heaven
will be able to look
down & observe the
torment of sinners
burning in Hell
below.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 39

 Surah 37:54-55 Sinners down in Hell
Pickthall “He saith: Will ye look? Then looketh he and seeth him in the
depth of Hell.”
Yusuf Ali “(A voice) said: "Would ye like to look down?" He looked down
and saw him in the midst of the Fire.”
Hilali-Khan “(The man) said: "Will you look down?" So he looked down
and saw him in the midst of the Fire.”
Shakir “He shall say: Will you look on? Then he looked down and saw
him in the midst of Hell.”
Sher Ali “The speaker will then ask those around him, `Will you have a
look and find out about him?' Then he will look himself and see him in
the midst of the Fire.”
Khalifa “He will say, "Just take a look!" When he looks, he will see his
friend in the heart of Hell.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 40

 Surah 37:54-55 Continued

Arberry “He says, 'Are you looking down?' Then he looks, and sees him
in the midst of Hell.”
Palmer “He will say, 'Are ye looking down?' and he shall look down and
Rodwell “He shall say to those around him, "Will ye look?" And he shall
look and see him in the midst of Hell”.
Sale “[Then] he shall say [to his companions], will ye look down? And he
shall look down, and shall see him in the midst of Hell.”
Irving “He will say: "Will you (all) just take a look?" "So he did look down
and saw he was [standing] in the midst of Hades!
Dawood “And he will say, “come, let us look down”, and he sees his
friend in the very midst of Hell.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 41

Surah 52:13 Sinners thrust down to Hell

Left: More sinners arriving in

Hell.

Many verses of the Koran

Refer to Hell as “down” or
“below”, implying that it was
believed to be underground.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 42

 Surah 52:13 Hell is below us
Pickthall “The day when they are thrust with a (disdainful) thrust, into the
fire of Hell.”
Yusuf Ali “That Day shall they be thrust down to the Fire of Hell,
irresistibly.”
Hilali-Khan “The Day when they will be pushed down by force to the Fire
of Hell, with a horrible, forceful pushing.”
Shakir “The day on which they shall be driven away to the fire of Hell with
violence.”
Sher Ali “The day when they shall be trust into the fire of Hell with a
violent trust.”
Arberry “The day when they shall be pitched into the fire of Gehenna.”
Palmer “On the day when they shall be thrust away into the fire of Hell.”
Sale “On that day shall they be driven and thrust into the fire of Hell.”
Irving “On the day they will be pushed firmly towards Hell fire.”
Dawood “On that day, they will be sternly thrown into the fire of Hell.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 43

 Surah 4:145 Hypocrites in depths of
Hell
Pickthall “Lo! the hypocrites (will be) in the lowest deep of the fire, and
thou wilt find no helper for them.”
Yusuf Ali “The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the fire: no
helper wilt thou find for them.”
Hilali-Khan “Verily, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths (grade) of
the fire; no helper will you find for them.”
Shakir “Surely the hypocrites are in the lowest stage of the fire and you
shall not find a helper for them.”
Sher Ali “The hypocrite shall surely be in the lowest depths of the fire;
Khalifa “The hypocrites will be committed to the lowest pit of Hell, and
you will find no one to help them.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 44

 Surah 4:145 Continued

Arberry “Surely the hypocrites will be in the lowest reach of the Fire; thou
wilt not find for them any helper.”
Palmer “Verily, the hypocrites are in the lowest depths of Hell-fire, and
thou shalt not find for them a help.”
Rodwell “Verily the hypocrites shall be in the lowest abyss of the fire:
and, by no means shalt thou find a helper for them.”
Sale “Moreover the hypocrites shall be in the lowest bottom of Hell fire,
and thou shalt not find any to help them [thence].”
Irving “Hypocrites will stand on the lowest level of the Fire; you will never
find an supporter for them.”
Dawood “The hypocrites shall be cast into the lowest depths of the fire:
there shall be none to help them.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 45

 Surah17:8 Hell is like a dungeon
Pickthall “But if ye repeat (the crime) We shall repeat (the punishment),
and We have appointed Hell a dungeon for the disbelievers.”
Yusuf Ali “But if ye revert (to your sins), We shall revert (to Our
punishments): And we have made Hell a prison for those who reject (all
Faith).”
Hilali-Khan “But if you return (to sins), We shall return (to Our
Punishment). And We have made Hell a prison for the disbelievers”.
Shakir “It may be that your Lord will have mercy on you, and if you again
return (to disobedience) We too will return (to punishment), and We have
made Hell a prison for the unbelievers.”
Sher Ali “But if you return to mischief, We too will return to punishment,
and remember We have made Hell a prison for the disbelievers.”
Khalifa “But if you revert to transgression, we will counter with retribution.
We have designated Gehenna as a final abode for the disbelievers.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 46

 Surah17:8 Continued
Arberry “But if you return, We shall return; and We have made Gehenna
a prison for the unbelievers.”
Palmer “But if ye return we will return, and we have made Hell a prison
for the misbelievers.”
Rodwell “But if ye return, we will return: and we have appointed Hell - the
prison of the infidels.”
Sale “But if ye return [to transgress a third time], we [also will] return [to
chastise you]; and we have appointed Hell to be the prison of the
unbelievers.”
Irving “If you should turn back, We will go back (too) and turn Hell into a
confinement for disbelievers!”
Dawood “If you again transgress,you shall again be scourged. We have
made Hell a prison house for unbelievers.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 47

1. Seven Levels in Hell, each with a
gate.

Surah 15:43-44, Surah 16:29, Surah 65:12,

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 48

 Surah 65:12 Seven Earths/Seven
Hells
Pickthall “Allah it is who hath created seven Heavens, and of the Earth
the like thereof. The commandment cometh down among them slowly,
that ye may know that Allah is Able to do all things.”
Yusuf Ali “God is He Who created seven Firmaments and of the Earth a
similar number. Through the midst of them (all) descends His Command:
that ye may know that God has power over all things.”
Hilali-Khan “It is Allah Who has created seven Heavens and of the Earth
the like thereof (i.e. seven). His Command descends between them
(Heavens and Earth), that you may know that Allah has power over all
things.”
Shakir “Allah is He Who created seven Heavens, and of the Earth the
like of them; the decree continues to descend among them, that you may
know that Allah has power over all things.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 49

 Surah 65:12 Continued
Sher Ali “Allah is He who created seven Heavens, and of the Earth the like
thereof. The Divine command comes down in their midst, that you may
know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah encompasses all
things in His knowledge.”
Khalifa “God created seven universes and the same number of Earths. The
commands flow among them. This is to let you know that God is
Omnipotent, and that God is fully aware of all things.”
Arberry “It is God who created seven Heavens, and of Earth their like,
between them the Command descending, that you may know that God is
powerful over everything and that God encompasses everything in.”
Palmer “God it is who created seven Heavens, and of the Earth the like
thereof. The bidding descends between them, that ye may know that God is
mighty over all, and that God has encompassed all things with His
knowledge!”
This is a distortion of the meaning of the text..It is out of step with the other
11 translations. See The next illustration for the real meaning of Seven Heavens.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 50

 Surah 65:12 Continued
Rodwell “It is God who hath created seven Heavens and as many
Earths. The Divine command cometh down through them all, that ye
may know that God hath power over all things, and that God in his
knowledge embraceth all things!”
Sale “[It is] God who hath created seven Heavens, and as many
[different stories] of the Earth: The [divine] command descendeth
between them; that ye may know that God is omnipotent, and that God
comprehendeth all things by [his] knowledge.”
Irving “God is the One Who created seven Heavens, and the same
[number of planets] which are like the Earth. The Command prevails
among them so you (all) may know that God is Capable of everything.
God comprises everything in knowledge!”
Dawood “It is God who has created seven Heavens and Earths as
many.His commandment descends through them, so that you might
learn that God has power over all things, and that God encompasses all
things with his knowledge.”
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 51
 7
The Seven
6
5
Heavens in Islamic
4
Art
3 This traditional Islamic
Painting Shows Mohammed
2 visiting the seven Heavens.

1 These are portrayed as seven

solid layers in the Sky where
good Muslims go when they die.

Bad Muslims and unbelievers go

to the seven Earths or Hell.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 52

 Seven Earths = Seven Hells
Flat Earth

The Koran refers to

seven Earths which
seem to be levels in
Seven the Islamic Hell.
1
2 Hells Each Hell seems to
3 be for different types
under of punishment &
4
5 each has its own
the entrance gate.
6
7 Earth

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 53

 Surah 65:12 Seven Levels of Hell

The Koran seems to refer to Hell having

seven layers. This is a similar concept
to that in Dante’s Divine Comedy.

Indeed, Dante may have been

influenced by the Koran.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 54

 Medieval Christian
Hell with multiple
levels.

In the Middle Ages, Christians

also believed in a multi-level
Hell where sinners were
tormented.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 55

Mesopotamian
Underworld

The idea of a
multi layered
Underworld
was known in
Ancient Mesopotamia
many millennia before
Jesus or Mohammed
were born.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 56

 Indian Cosmology
The idea of a multi layered
Underworld where the
wicked were punished
was known in India many
centuries before Jesus
or Mohammed lived.

Flat Earth

Multi-layered
Underworld

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 57

 Surah 15:43-44 Seven Gates of Hell

According to the
Koran, Hell has
seven gates.
Presumably, one
for each level of
Hell.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 58

 Surah 15:43-44 Seven Gates of Hell
Pickthall “And lo! for all such, Hell will be the promised place. It hath
seven gates, and each gate hath an appointed portion.”
Yusuf Ali “And verily, Hell is the promised abode for them all! To it are
seven gates: for each of those gates is a (special) class (of sinners)
assigned.”
Hilali-Khan "And surely, Hell is the promised place for them all. "It (Hell)
has seven gates, for each of those gates is a (special) class (of sinners)
assigned. ”
Shakir “And surely Hell is the promised place of them all. It has seven
gates; for every gate there shall be a separate party of them.”
Sher Ali “And, surely, Hell is the promised place for them all”. It has
seven gates, & each gate has a portion of them allotted to it.”
Khalifa "And Hell awaits them all. It will have seven gates. Each gate will
get a specific share of them." It will have seven gates. Each gate will get
a specific share of them."
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 59
 Surah 15:43-44 Continued

Arberry “Gehenna shall be their promised land all together. Seven gates
it has, and unto each gate a set portion of them belongs.
Palmer “And, verily, Hell is promised to them all together. It has seven
doors; at every door is there a separate party of them.
Rodwell “And verily, Hell is the promise for them one and all.
Sale “And hell is surely denounced unto them all:It hath seven Portals; at
each Portal is a separate band of them; It hath seven gates; unto every
gate a distinct company of them [shall be assigned].
Irving “Hell will [serve as] an appointment for all of them together. It has
seven gates; each gate will have a portion assigned from them."
Dawood “They are all destined for Hell.It has seven gates and though
each gate they shall come in separate bands.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 60

 Surah 16:29 Gates of Hell

Pickthall “So enter the gates of Hell, to dwell therein for ever. Woeful
indeed will be the lodging of the arrogant”.
Yusuf Ali "So enter the gates of Hell, to dwell therein. Thus evil indeed is
the abode of the arrogant."
Hilali-Khan "So enter the gates of Hell, to abide therein and indeed, what
an evil abode will be for the arrogant."
Shakir Therefore enter the gates of Hell, to abide therein; so certainly
evil is the dwelling place of the proud.
Sher Ali “So enter the gates of Hell, to abide therein. Evil indeed is the
abode of the arrogant.”
Khalifa “Therefore, enter the gates of Hell, wherein you abide forever.
What a miserable destiny for the arrogant ones.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 61

 Surah 16:29 Gates of Hell

Arberry “So enter the gates of Gehenna, there to dwell forever.' Evil is
the lodging of those that wax proud.”
Palmer “Wherefore enter ye the doors of Hell, to dwell therein for aye; for
ill is the resort of the proud.”
Rodwell “Enter ye therefore the gates of Hell to remain therein for ever:
and horrid the abiding place of the haughty ones!”
Sale “Wherefore enter the gates of Hell, therein to remain [for ever]; and
miserable shall be the abode of the proud.”
Irving “So enter Hell's gates to remain there. How awful will the lodging
of the prideful be.”
Dawood “Enter the gates of Hell where you shall abide forever.Evil is the
abode of the arrogant.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 62

 Hell ruled by the
Angel of Death

In Islam, Hell is ruled on God’s

behalf by Azrael or Malak,
the Angel of Death & not by
a Devil

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 63

 The Islamic Devil
Iblis was a Djinn who was raised
up to Heaven by God & put
among the Angels. However,
he disobeyed God by refusing to
bow down before Adam.
Iblis was renamed “Shaitan”
& expelled from Heaven.
He then became leader
of the evil Djinn on Earth who
had rejected God.

Iblis will end up burning in Hell

with the other evil Djinn &
Human sinners for all eternity
following Judgement Day.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 64

No Islamic (or Christian) Hell below us.

Nowadays we know that

all that is below us is
thousands of miles of solid
Rock.
There is nothing under
the ground fitting the
descriptions of Hell in
the Koran.

More on this & claims to

the contrary in
Presentation 10 of 11

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 65

 1. Earth probably sits on top of
mountain like Pillars

Surah 13:2, Surah 31:10

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 66

 Surah 13:2 Unseen Pillars of the Sky
Pickthall “Allah it is Who raised up the Heavens without visible supports,
then mounted the Throne, and compelled the Sun and the Moon to be of
service.”
Yusuf Ali “God is He Who raised the Heavens without any pillars that ye
can see; is firmly established on the throne (of authority); He has
subjected the Sun and the Moon (to his Law)!”
Hilali-Khan “Allah is He Who raised the Heavens without any pillars that
you can see. Then, He Istawa (rose above) the Throne (really in a
manner that suits His Majesty). He has subjected the Sun and the Moon
(to continue going round)!”
Shakir “Allah is He Who raised the Heavens without any pillars that you
see, and He is firm in power and He made the Sun and the Moon
subservient (to you); each one pursues its course to an appointed time.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 67

 Surah 13:2 Unseen Pillars of the Sky

Sher Ali “Allah is He Who raised up the Heavens without any pillars that
you can see. Then He settled Himself on the Throne. And He pressed
the Sun and the Moon into your service.”
Khalifa “God is the One who raised the Heavens without pillars that you
can see, then assumed all authority. He committed the Sun and the
Moon, each running (in its orbit) for a predetermined period.”
Arberry “God is He who raised up the Heavens without pillars you can
see, then He sat Himself upon the Throne. He subjected the Sun and
the Moon, each one running to a term stated. with your Lord.”
Palmer “God it is who has raised the Heavens without columns that ye
can see; then He made for the throne, and subjected the Sun and the
Moon; each one runs on to a stated and appointed time.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 68

 Surah 13:2 Unseen Pillars of the Sky

Rodwell “It is God who hath reared the Heavens without pillars thou
canst behold; then mounted his throne, and imposed laws on the Sun
and Moon: each travelleth to its appointed goal.”
Sale “[It is] God who hath raised the heavens without visible pillars; [and]
then ascended his throne, and compelled the Sun and the Moon to
perform their services.”
Irving “God is the One Who has raised up the Heavens without any
support you can see.”
Dawood “It was God who raised the Heavens without visible pillars.He
then ascended the throne and pressed the Sun and the Moon into his
service, each pursuing an appointed course.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 69

 Surah 31:10 Unseen Pillars of the Sky
Pickthall “He hath created the Heavens without supports that ye can
see, and hath cast into the Earth firm hills, so that it quake not with you.”
Yusuf Ali “He created the Heavens without any pillars that ye can see;
He set on the Earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with
you.”
Hilali-Khan “He has created the Heavens without any pillars, that you
see and has set on the Earth firm mountains, lest it should shake with
you.”
Shakir “He created the Heavens without pillars as you see them, and
put mountains upon the Earth lest it might convulse with you.”
Sher Ali “He has created the Heavens without any pillars that you can
see, and He has placed in the Earth firm mountains that it may not
quake with you.”
Khalifa “He created the Heavens without pillars that you can see. He
established on Earth stabilizers (mountains) lest it tumbles with you.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 70

 Surah 31:10 Continued
Arberry “He created the Heavens without pillars you can see, and He
Palmer “He created the Heavens without pillars that ye can see, and He
threw upon the Earth firm mountains lest it should move with you.”
Rodwell “Without pillars that can be seen hath He created the Heavens,
and on the Earth hath thrown mountains lest it should move with you;
and He hath scattered over it animals of every sort.”
Sale “He hath created the Heavens without visible pillars [to sustain
them], and hath thrown on the Earth [mountains] firmly rooted, lest it
should move with you.”
Irving “He has created the Heavens without any visible support. He has
cast headlands on the Earth lest it sway with you, and dispersed all
kinds of animals throughout it.”
Dawood “He raised the Heavens without any visible pillars, and set firm
the mountains on Earth lest it should shake with you.He dispersed upon
it all manner of beasts.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 71

Why are the Pillars of the Sky unseen?

Perhaps the Pillars

holding up the Sky
are unseen because
they are Underwater.
Pillars holding up Earth
Perhaps, the same
& Sky
or similar pillars
were believed to hold
up the Earth in a
Cosmic Ocean as
in Mesopotamian
Mythology?

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 72

 1. Earth described as Static and
Unmoving

Surah 27:61,Surah 30:25, Surah 35:41,

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 73

 Surah 35:41God holds Heaven and
Earth firmly in position?
The Earth in reality moves around
the Sun and is not at all
fixed in a static position as the
Koran suggests.

The Earth described in the Koran is static

& does not move at all.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 74

 Surah 35:41 Heaven & Earth static &
unmoving in the Koran

Heaven / Sky

Earth

Above: God’s hands reach down from above in order to grasp Heaven
& Earth and hold them firmly in position.
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 75
 Surah 35:41God holds Heaven and
Earth firmly in position
Pickthall “Lo! Allah graspeth the Heavens & the Earth that they deviate not,
& if they were to deviate there is not one that could grasp them after Him.”
Yusuf Ali “It is God Who sustains the Heavens & the Earth, lest they cease
(to function): & if they should fail, there is none - not one - can sustain them
thereafter.”
Hilali-Khan “Verily! Allah grasps the Heavens & the Earth lest they move
away from their places, & if they were to move away from their places,
there is not one that could grasp them after Him.”
Shakir “Surely Allah upholds the Heavens & the Earth lest they come to
naught; & if they should come to naught, there Is none who can uphold
them after Him.”
Sher Ali “Surely, Allah holds the Heavens & the Earth lest they deviate from
their positions. & if they did deviate, none can hold them back but he.”
Khalifa “God is the One who holds the Heavens & the Earth, lest they
vanish. If anyone else is to hold them, they will most certainly vanish.”
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 76
 Surah 35:41Continued
Arberry “God holds the Heavens & the Earth, lest they remove; did they
remove, none would hold them after Him.
Palmer “Verily, God holds back the heavens and the earth lest they
should decline; & if they should decline there is none to hold them back
after Him.”
Rodwell “Verily God holdeth fast the Heavens & the Earth that they pass
not away: and if they were passing away none could hold them back but
He.”
Sale “Verily God sustaineth the Heavens & the Earth, lest they fail: And if
they should fail, none could support the same besides him.”
Irving “God grasps both Heaven & Earth lest either one should slip out
of place. If either should slip out of place, no one else would hold on to
them besides Him.”
Dawood “It is God who keeps the Heavens & the Earth from falling.
Should they fall, none could hold them back but him”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 77

 Earth sits upon supports beneath it

In the Koran, the Earth

is a flat static platform
sitting in a huge Ocean.

Earth is supported from

underneath on pillars
not unlike an Oil Rig
out at sea.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 78

 Surah 30:25 Earth standing still

Pickthall “& of His signs is this: The Heavens and the Earth stand
fast by His command.”
Yusuf Ali “& among His Signs is this, that Heaven and Earth stand
by His Command.”
Hilali--Khan “& among His Signs is that the Heaven and the Earth
stand by His Command.”
Shakir “& one of His signs is that the Heaven and the Earth
subsist by His command”
Sher Ali “& of his Signs is that the Heavens and the Earth stand
firm by his command.”
Khalifa “Among His proofs is that the Heaven and the Earth are
standing at His disposal.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 79

 Surah 30:25 Continued

Arberry “& of His signs is that the Heaven and Earth stand firm by
His command.”
Palmer “& of His signs is this, that the Heavens and the Earth
stand by His order.”
Rodwell “& of his signs also one is that the Heaven and the Earth
stand firm at his bidding.”
Sale “& of his signs [this also is one, namely], that the Heaven
and the Earth stand firm at his command.”
Irving “Among His signs are [the fact] that the Sky and Earth hold
firm at His command.”
Dawood “By another sign, Heaven & Earth stand firm at his
bidding.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 80

 This Earth is static and unmoving

A Flat Earth that sits

on pillars is
consistent with an
Earth that is static &
unmoving.

Perhaps this is why

the Koran says that
the Earth is stationary
& does not move.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 81

 Surah 27:61 Earth is a fixed abode
Pickthall “Is not He (best) Who made the Earth a fixed abode.”
Yusuf Ali “Or, who has made the Earth firm to live in.”
Hilali--Khan “Is not He (better than your gods) Who has made the Earth
as a fixed abode.”
Shakir “Or, who made the Earth a resting place, and made in it rivers.”
Sher Ali “Or, who made the Earth a place of rest.”
Khalifa “Who is the One who made the Earth habitable.”
Arberry “He who made the Earth a fixed place and set amidst it rivers.”
Palmer “He who made the Earth, settled.”
Rodwell “Is not He, who hath set the Earth so firm.”
Sale “[Is not he more worthy to be adored], who hath established the
Earth.”
Irving “Who set the Earth up as a residence,laced it with rivers.”
Dawood “(Surely worthier is) He who established the Earth.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 82

 1. Mountains hold the Earth in
place

Surah 16:15, Surah 21:31, Surah 31:10 &

Surah 78:6-7

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 83

 Mountains in the Koran

According to the
Koran, God created
mountains in order
to keep the Earth
from moving & to
prevent earthquakes.

This implies a Flat &

stationary Earth.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 84

 Surah 78:6-7 Mountains keep the
Earth from moving
Mountains

Earth

According to the Koran, Mountains are like paper weights that hold
down a sheet of paper.
.
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 85
 Surah 78:6-7
Earth
Mountains keep
with
Mountains
Earth from
moving
Perhaps this is what the
Koran means when it says
that mountains are like
tent pegs that keep the
Earth Earth from moving.
Without
Mountains Here the Mountains help to
keep the Earth steady and
in its proper position.
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 86
Surah 78:6-7 Mountains do not keep
the Earth from moving

In reality, mountains
do not keep the
Earth from moving.

The Earth moves

over 300 million
miles every year in
its orbit around the
Sun.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 87

Surah 78:6-7 Mountains are like pegs to
hold Earth stationary.
Pickthall “Have We not made the Earth an expanse, & the high hills
bulwarks?”
Yusuf Ali “Have We not made the Earth as a wide expanse, & the
mountains as pegs?”
Hilali-Khan “Have We not made the Earth as a bed, & the mountains as
pegs?”
Shakir “Have We not made the Earth an even expanse? & the
mountains as projections (thereon)?”
Sher Ali “Have We not made the Earth as a bed, & the mountains as
pegs?”
Khalifa “Did we not make the Earth habitable? & the mountains
stabilizers?”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 88

 Surah 78:6-7 Continued

Arberry “Have We not made the Earth as a cradle & the mountains as
pegs?”
Palmer “Have we not set the Earth as a couch, & the mountains as
stakes?”
Rodwell “Have we not made the Earth a couch? & the mountains its
tent-stakes?”
Sale “Have we not made the Earth for a bed, & the mountains for stakes
[to fix the same]? “
Irving “Have We not laid the earth out as a cradle and set the mountains
up as kingpins?”
Dawood “Do we not spread the Earth as a bed and raise the mountains
like supporting poles?”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 89

 Surah 16:15 Mountains prevent Earth
from moving.
Pickthall “And He hath cast into the Earth firm hills that it quake not with
you, and streams and roads that ye may find a way.”
Yusuf Ali “And He has set up on the Earth mountains standing firm, lest
it should shake with you; and rivers and roads; that ye may guide
yourselves.”
Hilali-Khan “And He has affixed into the Earth mountains standing firm,
lest it should shake with you, and rivers and roads, that you may guide
yourselves.”
Shakir “And He has cast great mountains in the Earth lest it might be
convulsed with you, and rivers and roads that you may go aright.”
Sher Ali “And HE has placed in the Earth firm mountains lest it quake
with you and rivers and routes that you may find the way to your
destination.”
Khalifa “And He placed stabilizers (mountains) on Earth, lest it tumbles
with you, as well as rivers and roads, that you may be guided.”
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 90
 Surah 16:15Mountains
Arberry “And He cast on the Earth firm mountains, lest it shake with
you, and rivers and ways; so haply you will be guided.”
Palmer “And He has cast firm mountains on the Earth lest it move with
you; and rivers and roads; haply ye may be guided.
Rodwell “And He hath thrown firm mountains on the Earth, least it move
with you; and rivers and paths for your guidance.”
Sale “And he hath thrown upon the Earth [mountains] firmly rooted, lest
it should move with you, and [also] rivers, and paths, that ye might be
directed.”
Irving “He has set up headlands on the Earth lest it sway with you, and
rivers and paths so that you may be guided.”
Dawood “He set firm mountains upon the Earth lest it should move
away from you and rivers, roads and landmarks that you may be rightly
guided.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 91

 Surah 21:31 Mountains prevent Earth
from moving
Pickthall “& We have placed in the Earth firm hills lest it quake with
them, & We have placed therein ravines as roads that haply they may
find their way.”
Yusuf Ali “& We have set on the Earth mountains standing firm, lest it
should shake with them, & We have made therein broad highways
(between mountains) for them to pass through: that they may receive
guidance.”
Hilali-Khan “& We have placed on the Earth firm mountains, lest it
should shake with them, & We placed therein broad highways for them
to pass through, that they may be guided.”
Shakir “& We have made great mountains in the Earth lest it might be
convulsed with them, & We have made in it wide ways that they may
follow a right direction.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 92

 Surah 21:31 Continued

Sher Ali “& We have placed in the Earth firm mountains lest it should
quake with them; & We have made therein wide pathways, that they may
be rightly guided.”
Khalifa “& We placed on Earth stabilizers, lest it tumbles with them, & we
placed straight roads therein, that they may be guided.”
Arberry “& We set in the Earth firm mountains lest it should shake with
them, & We set in it ravines to serve as ways, that haply so they may be
guided.”
Palmer “& we placed on the Earth firm mountains lest it should move
with them, & He made therein open roads for paths, haply they may be
guided!”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 93

 Surah 21:31 Continued

Rodwell “& we set mountains on the Earth lest it should move with
them, & we made on it broad passages between them as routes for
their guidance.”
Sale “& we placed stable [mountains] on the Earth, lest it should move
with them; & we made broad passages between them for paths, that
they might be directed [in their journeys]”
Irving “We have placed headlands on Earth lest it should sway while
they are on it, and have placed mountain passes on it as highways so
they may be guided.”
Dawood “We set firm mountains upon the Earth lest it move away from
them and hewed out highways in the rock so that they might be rightly
guided.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 94

 Surah 31:10 Mountains prevent
Earth from moving
Pickthall “He hath created the Heavens without supports that ye can
see, and hath cast into the Earth firm hills, so that it quake not with you.”
Yusuf Ali “He created the Heavens without any pillars that ye can see;
He set on the Earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with
you.”
Hilali-Khan “He has created the Heavens without any pillars, that you
see and has set on the Earth firm mountains, lest it should shake with
you.”
Shakir “He created the Heavens without pillars as you see them, and
put mountains upon the Earth lest it might convulse with you.”
Sher Ali “He has created the Heavens without any pillars that you can
see, and He has placed in the Earth firm mountains that it may not
quake with you.”
Khalifa “He created the Heavens without pillars that you can see. He
established on Earth stabilizers (mountains) lest it tumbles with you.”

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 95

 Surah 31:10 Continued
Arberry “He created the Heavens without pillars you can see, and He
Palmer “He created the Heavens without pillars that ye can see, and He
threw upon the Earth firm mountains lest it should move with you.”
Rodwell “Without pillars that can be seen hath He created the Heavens,
and on the Earth hath thrown mountains lest it should move with you;
and He hath scattered over it animals of every sort.”
Sale “He hath created the Heavens without visible pillars [to sustain
them], and hath thrown on the Earth [mountains] firmly rooted, lest it
should move with you.”
Irving “He has created the Heavens without any visible support. He has
cast headlands on the Earth lest it sway with you, and dispersed all
kinds of animals throughout it.”
Dawood “He raised the Heavens without any visible pillars, and set firm
the mountains on Earth lest it should shake with you.He dispersed upon
it all manner of beasts.”
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 96
 Plate Tectonics
Far from preventing
Earthquakes,
Mountains can
sometimes cause
Earthquakes.

Mountains are
created where the
edges of Tectonic
Plates collide.

Contact between Plates

Contrary to what the Koran says, the Earths rubbing against each
surface moves despite mountains. other causes
Earthquakes.
28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 97
 1. Earth probably sits on a vast
Cosmic Ocean

Such a concept existed in many Ancient Cultures.

Surah 11:7 suggests that it is in the Koran.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 98

 Shamash on his throne above the
waters of the Primordial Ocean.

Left:Shamash, a
Mesopotamian Sun
God seated upon
his throne above
the Waters of a
Cosmic Ocean.

Similar ideas are

found in the Koran
& the Bible.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 99

Surah 11:7 Allah on his throne above
the waters before Creation

God on his throne

above the waters
of the waters or
infinite Cosmic
ocean in which
the Universe of
the Koran sits.

This is an Ancient
Cosmic Ocean Mesopotamian
Idea.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 100

Surah 11:7 Allah on his throne above
the waters during Creation

God causes the

Primordial mound
of Creation to rise
out of the Cosmic
Ocean.

Cosmic From this mound,

Ocean Primordial he created the
Mound Universe.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 101

 Surah 11:7
Allah on his
throne after
Creation

God on his throne

Earth up in Heaven
above Mecca &
looking down on
Earth.

28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 102

 Surah 11:7 Gods throne above the
Water
Pickthall “And He it is Who created the Heavens & the Earth in six Days
- & His Throne was upon the water - that He might try you, which of you
is best in conduct.”
Yusuf Ali “He it is Who created the Heavens and the Earth in six Days -
and His Throne was over the waters - that He might try you, which of you
is best in conduct.”
Hilali-Khan” And He it is Who has created the Heavens and the Earth in
six Days and His Throne was on the water, that He might try you, which
of you is the best in deeds.”
Shakir “And He it is Who created the Heavens and the Earth in six
periods -- and His dominion (extends) on the water -- that He might
manifest to you, which of you is best in action.”

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 Surah 11:7 Continued
Sher Ali “And He it is who created the Heavens and the Earth in six
periods, - and His throne rest on water - that He might try you which of
you is best in conduct.
Khalifa “He is the One who created the Heavens and the Earth in six
days - and His (earthly) domain was completely covered with water - in
order to test you, to distinguish those among you who work
righteousness.
Arberry “And it is He who created the Heavens and the Earth in six days,
and His Throne was upon the waters -- that He might try you, which one
of you is fairer in works.”
Palmer “He it is who created the Heavens and the Earth in six days, and
His throne was upon the water that He might try you, which of you did
best.“

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 Surah 11:7 Continued

Rodwell “And He it is who hath made the Heavens and the Earth in six
days: His throne had stood ere this upon the waters, that He might make
proof which of you would excel in works.”
Sale “It is he who hath created the Heavens and the Earth in six days, -
but his throne was above the waters [before the creation thereof], - that
he might prove you, [and see] which of you would excel in works.”
Irving “He is the One Who created Heaven and Earth in six days. His
Throne rises over the water, so He may test which of you is finest in
action.”
Dawood “Throned upon the waters, he made the Heavens and the Earth
in six days, to find out which of you shall best acquit himself.”

See also Presentation 08 on the Hadith in this series. Al-Bukhari Volume

4, Book 54, Number 414: supports this interpretation.
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 The God Re upon the Primordial
Ocean
Left:The Egyptian Sun God
descends & sits upon the
primordial Creation mound
of Egyptian Mythology
that has risen out of the
Cosmic Ocean.

He then expanded this

mound in order to create
the Flat Earth.

Similar ideas are found

in the Koran & the Bible.

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 Vishnu upon the Primordial Ocean

Left:The Hindu
deities, Vishnu,
Brahma & Laksmi
upon the Cosmic
Ocean about to
create the
Universe.

Similar ideas are

to be found in the
Koran & the Bible.

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Shinto Gods above the Primordial Ocean

The idea of a
Cosmic Ocean that
the Earth sits in is
very widespread.
Here, a Japanese
Shinto God causes
the Primordial
Mound of Creation
to arise out of the
Cosmic Ocean.
Similar ideas are to
be found in the Koran
& the Bible.

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 Location of Islamic Hell

The Koran does not

specifically state that
Hell is under
the ground.
Earth However, this is
strongly implied in
many parts of the
Hell Koran.

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 Beneath the Earth
– The Koran

The Mesopotamian Underworld

(smaller picture) and the one that
is described in the Koran are very
similar.

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Beneath the Earth – Modern Science

Despite claims to the

contrary by some
Islamic Fundamentalists,
the Koran has no idea
whatsoever about what
really is under the
ground.

Instead describes an
imaginary Underworld
similar to that described
in the Bible and other
Mythologies.

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 Hollow Earth
Koran?
The Korans ideas about what
is under the Earth are as
accurate as this picture.

The Koran does not explain

how we get through
thousands of miles of
solid rock in order to
supposedly reach Hell.

(Holes in the Poles?)

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 Journey to the centre of the Earth

The underground
World of the
Koran is a fantasy
like the writings
of Jules Verne

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 1. Conclusion

The Koran is not the Word of God, but rather a

work of Mythology.

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 Conclusion: According to the Koran:
1. Immediately below the Flat Earth is a vast freshwater Ocean. This is
one of “The two Seas” that the Koran repeatedly refers to.
2. Below this is Hell, a place of fire, where those who reject Islam end up
and where they are believed to suffer everlasting torture.
3. There are seven levels to Hell, each with a gate at its entrance.
4. Earth is static and unmoving and sits fixed at the centre of the
Universe.
5. The Earth is probably sits upon mountain like Pillars. This is basically
the same as in Mesopotamian Cosmology although differing in detail.
6. Mountains help keep the Earth in place and protect it from
Earthquakes.
7. The Earth sits in a vast Cosmic Ocean similar to that in other
Mythologies.
8. This is just Mythology and not what would be expected if God was the
author of the Koran. This suggests that the Koran is of human rather
than divine origin.

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28th March 2009 06 Beneath the Flat Earth 116

Continued on next Presentation ……