TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

PE510

Fall 2013

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY PE 510

INTRODUCTION

DR. MOHAMED EL-HOUNI

Fall 2013

TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class Schedule

Saturday Thursday

14:00 15:30 14:00 15:30

Course Outlines
Introduction
Reserves
Phase Behavior Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Processes Currently Used EOR Processes

Course Outlines

EOR methods used to improve reservoir recovery efficiency, and explain their differences For each method, state whether it can improve displacement, vertical or areal sweep efficiency and explain how it works.

Course Outlines cont.

screening criteria for enhanced oil recovery methods.

Course Outlines cont.

Understand Fractional flow theory and Buckley- leverett 1-D displacement Evaluate the effect of relative permeabilities and fluid viscosities in the fractional flow equation

Course Outlines cont.

Estimate oil recoveries using BuckleyLeverett, Styles & Dykstra-Parson methods
Planning for water flooding.

TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GRADE DISTRIBUTION

Home Works Quizzes Test I Test I Final

05% 05% 20% 20% 50%

INTRODUCTION Reserves
Quantities of petroleum from known accumulations available for production and quantities which are anticipated to become available within a practical time frame through additional field development, technological advances or exploration

Source January 1996 issue of the SPE Journal of Petroleum Technology and in the June 1996 issue of the WPC (World Petroleum Congresses) Newsletter.

INTRODUCTION Reserves

The SPE formulates rules for estimating reserves Reserves are volumes that will be produced under current operating practices, prices, taxes, costs, etc. Three categories of reserves: Proved, Probable and Possible Proved is most important.

Proved Reserves

Must be at least 90% likely to be produced Must be based on the actual production tests or similar highly reliable information. May be reported to various agencies, stockholders and the general public Are estimated and change with time.

Probable and Possible Reserves

Rarely reported outside the company Useful to keep track of future opportunities. Measures of exploratory success Resources are not expected to be produced unless some critical factor (usually economics) changes in the future.

INTRODUCTION Reserves

Greatest Oil Reserves as of year 2006

300
264.3

Proved reserves (billion barrels)

250 200 150 100 50 0

ra b Ca i a na da Ira n Un i te Ira d Ar Ku q ab w E m a it Ve irat n e es zu e Ru l a ss ia Li by a Un Ni g i te er i d St a at es Ch in a Q at M ar ex ic Al o ge ria Ka Bra za zi kh l st No an Az rwa er y ba ij a n In di a
178.8 132.5 115 101.5 97.8 79.7 60 39.1 35.9 21.4 18.3 15.2 12.9 11.4 11.2 9 7.7 7 5.8

Source: Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 103, No. 47 (Dec. 19, 2005). From: U.S. Energy Information

Sa ud iA

Proved reserves (trillion cu ft)

1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800

200
971 911 241 214 193 185 161 151 112 98 84 75 71 66 65 62 59 57 56

400

600

800

Greatest Gas Reserves as of year 2006

1,680

Source: Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 103, No. 47 (Dec. 19, 2005). From: U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Ru ss ia Ira n Un i te Sau Qat a d d Ar i A r ab rab i E Un mi a r i te ate d St s at e Ni s ge r Al i a g Ve er n e ia zu el a In Ira do q ne No si a rw M ay Tu al a y rk m s ia en Uz ist b e an Ka ki s z a tan Ne k hs th tan er la nd s Eg y Ca pt na d Ku a wa it

Oil Recovery
Primary recovery, using only the natural energy of reservoirs, typically recovers up to 50% of OOIP (average 19%). Secondary recovery involves adding energy to the natural system by injecting water to maintain pressure and displace oil (also known as waterflood). Typical recoveries are 25-45% of OIP after primary recovery (average 32%).

Oil Recovery
Tertiary recovery includes all other methods used to increase the amount of oil recovered. Typical recoveries are 5-20% of OIP after primary and secondary recovery (average 13%) Secondary and tertiary recovery are together referred to as enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
19% + 26% =(100-19) x 32% + 7% =(100-45)x13% = 52%
Tertiary secondary Primary

Oil Recovery
Facts

Petroleum reserves definitions are not static and will be revised as additional geological or engineering data become available or as economic conditions change Reserves may be attributed to either natural energy or IMPROVED RECOVERY METODS

Methods to Improve Recovery Efficiency

DISCOVERY
Conventional Oil Recovery

Natural Flow

Artificial Lift Methods to Improve Recovery Efficiency

Enhanced Oil Recovery

Production/Injection Control

Strategic Wellbore Placement

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Processes

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes include all methods that use external sources of energy and/or materials to recover oil that can not be produced, economically by conventional means.

Currently Used EOR Processes

Water flooding Thermal methods: steam stimulation, steam flooding, hot water drive, and in-situ combustion Chemical methods: polymer, surfactant, caustic and micellar/polymer flooding. Miscible methods including: hydrocarbon gas, CO2, nitrogen, flue gas

Phase Behavior
Any fluid can exist in vapour, liquid or solid phase depending on the conditions at which it is subjected. Solids, liquids and gases are phases of matter, which do exist in different states depending on the values of pressure and temperature.

Phase Behavior
The Reservoir HydrocarbonFluid Type: Non-Volatile Oil Volatile Oil Condensate Gas Wet Gas Dry Gas

Basic Phase Behavior

Phase Behavior

Phase Diagram of a Black Oil Reservoir

Initial Reservoir Conditions Path of Production

CP

Pressure

75%

50% 25%

Separator Conditions

Temperature

Phase Diagram of a Dry Gas Reservoir

Initial Reservoir Conditions

CP
Pressure

Path of Production

Separator Conditions

Temperature