Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Class Session 22
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An alternative definition of business ethics is A form of applied ethics. It aims at inculcating a sense within the companys employee population of how to conduct business responsibly.
Hurst - Corporate Ethics
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Wharton School, Univ. of PA, direct incentives for maintaining high ethical standards.
Johnson - A Free Market View of Business Ethics. Highly ethical standards create a psychologically healthy working environment within the firm. Firms with high ethical standards suffer fewer losses to employee theft, expense account padding, and employee sabotage (crisis of malevolence); and they litigate fewer cases regarding product safety, safety of the work environment, sexual harassment, and discrimination in employment. Ethical firms develop trustful relationships with their clients and establish stable, profitable relationships. Ethical firms minimize the catastrophic risk of scandals or disasters that destroy companies and careers. Trust is fundamental to efficient business transactions, and consistently ethical behavior is necessary to maintain that trust.
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Include employee input in drafting and revising it. Be a living document that actually governs the way work is done. Embody principles that also show up on performance appraisals and the compensation system. Provide guidelines upon which people are disciplined, hired, fired, and promoted. Be supported by an ethics officer or someone in the organization who has the responsibility for communicating ethical principles to employees and communicating employee concerns to management.
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The code starts with the general statement that emphasizes a belief in free enterprise, the right to make a profit, and the necessity of following the Golden Rule in dealing with others. Specific areas of emphasis include: Unite, Expand, Enforce, Serve, Share, and Improve.
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Components Code of conduct. Responsibilities and duties. Administration. Regulations for enforcement. Powers of the Administrator Restrictions. Resignation. Amendments.
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1. Public service is a public trust, requiring employees to place loyalty to the Constitution, the laws, and ethical principles above private gain. 2. Employees shall not hold financial interests that conflict with the conscientious performance of duty. 3. Employees shall not engage in financial transactions using nonpublic Government information or allow the improper use of such information to further any private interest. 4. An employee shall not, except pursuant to such reasonable exceptions as are provided by regulation, solicit or accept any gift or other item of monetary value from any person or entity seeking official action from, doing business with, or conducting activities regulated by the employee's agency, or whose interests may be substantially affected by the performance or nonperformance of the employee's duties. 5. Employees shall put forth honest effort in the performance of their duties. 6. Employees shall make no unauthorized commitments or promises of any kind
purporting to bind the Government.
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Cut corners on quality control (16%). Covered up incidents (14%). Abused or lied about sick days (11%). Lied or deceived customers (9%). Put inappropriate pressure on others (7%).
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96% - Sabotage systems/data of current co-worker or employer. 96% - Sabotage systems/data of a former employer. 93% - Access private computer files without permission.
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Vision statement. Values statement. Code of ethics. Designated ethics official. Ethics task force or committee. Ethics communication strategy. Ethics help line. Comprehensive system to monitor and track ethics data. Periodic evaluation of ethics efforts and data. Ethics training. Ethical behavior rewards and sanctions. Focus on ethical leadership.
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1. Recognize an ethical issue. a. Could this decision or situation be damaging to someone or to some group? Does this decision involve a choice between a good and bad alternative, or perhaps between two "goods" or between two "bads"? b. Is this issue about more than what is legal or what is most efficient? If so, how?
2. Get the facts. a. What are the relevant facts of the case? What facts are not known? Can I learn more about the situation? Do I know enough to make a decision? b. What individuals and groups have an important stake in the outcome? Are some concerns more important? Why? c. What are the options for acting? Have all the relevant persons and groups been consulted? Have I identified creative options?
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Management oversight: A high-level person in charge and accountable for the program. Corporate policies: Establish policies and procedures that can reasonably reduce the probability of criminal conduct. Communication of standards and procedures: The organizations ethics policies must be communicated to every employee and agent. Compliance with standards and procedures: The program must be effectively implemented with provisions for monitoring and reporting and a system for employees and agents to report violations without fear of retribution. Delegation of substantial discretionary authority: The organization must guard against delegating authority to individuals with a propensity to engage in criminal conduct. Consistent discipline: A discipline program must be in place and consistently applied. Response and corrective actions: The organization must respond appropriately to suspected and actual violations, determine why the violation occurred, and institute corrective action.
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