Ride Quality - Elevators

Elevator Ride Quality
Definition & Measurement

An International Approach
EVA-625
PMT
PMT
Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.
High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation
Why Measure Ride Quality?

Evaluate Elevator Ride Comfort Improve Quality of:
Design Installation Maintenance
Diagnosis (Trouble Shooting)

Reduce Time (Costs)
PMT
What Was Ride Quality?

Qualitative
Method
Ride, Feel, Listen
Analysis
Compare Against Experience
Flaws
Non-Repeatable/NonCalibrated/Psychological
PMT
What is Ride Quality Now?

Quantitative Measurement of Vibration (Motion) & Sound
Standardized Human Perception
Measured in Standard Way

Standard Measurement Technique Standard Processing Technique
PMT
New Standard ISO/DIS 18738

Draws From
ISO2631
Human Response to Vibration
ISO8041
Instrumentation (ISO2631)
IEC651
Sound Level Measurement
Elevator Industry Experience
PMT
ISO2631/ISO8041
Frequency Weighting Z axis 5
Frequency Weighting X,Y Axes
Gain (dB)
-5
Gain dB
-10 -20 -30 -40
-15 -25 -35 -45 0.1 1 10 100
0.1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
Human Response to Vibration ISO Filter
PMT
ISO2631/ISO8041 Vertical Axis

Frequency Weighting Z axis 5 -5
Gain dB
-15 -25 -35 -45 0.1 1 10 100
Frequency (Hz)
PMT
ISO2631/ISO8041 Horizontal Axes

Gain (dB)
-10 -20 -30 -40 0.1 1 10 100 Frequency (Hz)
PMT
ISO/DIS 18738
Defines Terminology Defines Field Measurement Method Defines Processing Techniques Defines Reporting
PMT
Units of Measure
Vibration Standard: m/s2 Typical: milli(g)s, gals Acceleration Standard: m/s2 Velocity Standard: m/s Distance Standard: m Jerk Standard: m/s3 Sound Standard: dBA (decibels)
9.81 m/s2 = 1g = 1000 milli(g)s 1g = 981 gals

1 milli(g) 1 gal
PMT
Field Measurement Method

Ancillary Equipment Off Center of Car X Axis to Door, Z Vertical Microphone at 1 - 1.6 meters Agreed Upon Time of Day 2 People (Maximum) in Lift Measure Terminus to Terminus Begin Recording Before Doors Close Finish After Doors Open
PMT
Collected Data (Unfiltered)

Inte rnational Se rvice s Building
Un i t s: m i l l i (g ) Fi l e : 5 T W G3 E 7 1 . VE 2
Run Sound: 61.5 L Aleq: 57.8 Max Sound: 74.6
Elevator
23
1 0: 13 : 1 5 0 4/ 03 / 9 7
Sound(dBA)
75
60.0
50
Max Pk/Pk: 47.3 A95: 26.5 0-Pk : 33.1
25
0 -25 25
Max Pk/Pk: 29.0 A95: 15.9 0-Pk : 21.6
5.0 -5.0
5.0
-5.0
200
Max Pk/Pk: 54.3 A95: 32.2 0-Pk : 171.8
-0
1 2 3 4
5.0 -5.0
10 Seconds
15
20
25
PMT
Performance (Acceleration)
I nte r na tiona l Se r vic e s Building
U n i t s: m i l l i ( g )
200
E le va tor
23
Fi l e : 5 T W G 3 E 7 1 . V E 2
10: 13: 15 04/03/97
10 Hz Low Pass Filter
M ax Pk /Pk : 54.3 A95: 32.2 0-Pk : 171.8
150
100
Gain (dB)
50
5.0
-10 -20 -30 -40 0.1 1 10 100
0
-5.0
-50
-100
-150
1 2 3 4
Frequency (Hz)
25
10 Seconds
15
20
Report
Maximum Acceleration A95 Acceleration
Z Accel. m/sec^2
U n i t s: m i l l i ( g ) Fi l e : 5 T W G 3 E 7 1 . V E 2
1.5
M ax /95 Ac c el : 1.457/1.421 Dec el : -1.005/0.961
E le va tor
23
10: 13: 15 04/03/97
1.0
0.5
0.0
Maximum Deceleration
A95 Deceleration
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
1
X
10 Seconds
15
20
25
PMT
Performance (Velocity)
1.5
M ax /95 Ac c el : 1.457/1.421 Dec el : -1.005/0.961
E le va tor
23
10: 13: 15 04/03/97
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
1
X
2 3 4
Z Accel. m/sec^2
10 Seconds
15
20
25
Report
3.0
E le va tor
23
Fi l e : 5 T W G 3 E 7 1 . V E 2
10: 13: 15 04/03/97
Maximum Velocity
Z Velo city m/sec
M ax Vel oc i ty : 2.56 V95: 2.53
2.5
2.0
V95 Velocity
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1
X
10 Seconds
15
20
25
PMT
Performance (Distance)
3.0
E le va tor
23
Fi l e : 5 T W G 3 E 7 1 . V E 2
10: 13: 15 04/03/97
M ax Vel oc i ty : 2.56 V95: 2.53
2.5
2.0
Z Velo city m/sec
1.5
1.0
0.5
2 3 4
0.0
1
X
10 Seconds
15
20
25
Report
No Reporting Requirement Used in Boundary Calculation Used for Diagnosis
Z Distance m
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
E le va tor
23
Fi l e : 5 T W G 3 E 7 1 . V E 2
10: 13: 15 04/03/97
M ax Di s tanc e: 40.24
10 Seconds
15
20
25
PMT
Performance (Jerk)
1.5
M ax /95 Ac c el : 1.457/1.421 Dec el : -1.005/0.961
E le va tor
23
10: 13: 15 04/03/97
1.0
0.5
Running Slope (Least Squares)

1 2 3 4
Z Accel. m/sec^2
X
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
10 Seconds
15
20
25
Report
E le va tor
23
10: 13: 15 04/03/97
Maximum Jerk
Z Jerk m/s^3
3
M ax J erk : 2.7
-1
-2
10 Seconds
15
20
25
PMT
Performance Measurements
Acceleration/Deceleration Measurements:
Maximum: Greatest Acceleration Found Between 5% and 95% of Full Speed (Increasing) for Acceleration And Between 95% and 5% (decreasing) for Deceleration A95: Typical Acceleration (Acceleration that 95% of all acceleration values are less than or equal to) Found Between 5% and 95% of Full Speed (Increasing) or between 95% and 5% of Full Speed (decreasing) (1)
5%
3
95%
95%
5%
(4)
2 1
0 1
10 Seconds
15
20
25
(3) 0
-1 15 (2) 20 25
10
PMT
Performance Measurements
Velocity Measurements:
Maximum: Greatest Velocity Found 95% of Full Speed (Increasing) And 95% of Full Speed (decreasing) V95: Typical Velocity (Velocity that is 95% of all acceleration values are less than or equal to) Found Between 95% of Full Speed (Increasing) and 95% of Full Speed (decreasing)
(1) 5%
3
95%
95%
5%
(4)
2 1
0 1
10 Seconds
15
20
25
(3) 0
-1
PMT
High Accuracy Instrumentation 15 10 (2) for the Vertical Transportation
20
25
Inte rna tiona l Se rvic e s Building

U n i t s: m i l l i (g )
M ax Pk /Pk : 47.3 A95: 26.5 0-Pk : 33.1
Vibration Measurements Ride Quality

Ele va tor 23
Fi l e : 5 T W G 3 E 7 1 . V E 2 10: 13: 15 04/03/97
5.0
25

5
Frequency Weighting Z axis
-5.0
-25 25
Gain (dB)
-5
Gain dB
M ax Pk /Pk : 29.0 A95: 15.9 0-Pk : 21.6
-10 -20 -30 -40 0.1 1 10 100

-15 -25 -35 -45 0.1 1 10 100
5.0
-5.0
200 100 0 -100
M ax Pk /Pk : 54.3 A95: 32.2 0-Pk : 171.8
Frequency (Hz)
5.0 -5.0
Frequency (Hz)
21
43
Seconds
S o u n d ( d B A )
10
15
20
25
Inte rna tiona l Se rvic e s Building

U n i t s: m i l l i (g )
M ax Pk /Pk : 9.4 A95: 4.5 0-Pk : 6.9
Ele va tor
23
5.0
Fi l e : 5 T W G 3 E 7 1 . V E 2
10: 13: 15 04/03/97
Unfiltered (Raw) Data is Weighted (filtered) According to ISO8041-1999 and Evaluated for Vibration Levels (Maximum & A95)
ISO X
0
-5.0
-5
M ax Pk /Pk : 9.8 A95: 5.7 0-Pk : 7.8
5.0
ISO Y
0 -5
-5.0
20
M ax Pk /Pk : 15.5 A95: 11.8 0-Pk : 21.2
J erk Zone Max Pk /Pk : 29.4
5.0
ISO Z
-5.0
21
43
10 Seconds
15
20
25
PMT
Evaluating Vibration Level

Vibration Level Characterized:
Maximum Adjacent Peak to Peak Vibration (Max Pk/Pk) for Each Axis Typical Vibration (A95) for Each Axis Vibration Evaluated Within Specific Boundaries For X,Y Axes (Horizontal) Max Pk/Pk & A95 Evaluated Between 0.5m From Lift Start Position to 0.5m From Final Position For Z Axis (Vertical)
Max Pk/Pk & A95 Evaluated Between 0.5m From Lift Start Position to 0.5m From Final Position: Jerk 0.3 m/s (non-Jerk Zone)
Max Pk/Pk Evaluated Between 0.5m From Lift Start Position to 0.5m From Final Position: Jerk 0.3 m/s (Jerk Zone)
PMT
Evaluating Vibration Level

Adjacent Peak to Peak:
Local Maximum Values of Opposite Sign, Separated by Single Zero Crossing
A95 Peak to Peak: The Peak

to Peak Level That is Greater Than or Equal To, 95% of All of the Peak to Peak Measurements Within A Data Set
PMT
Evaluating Vibration Level Boundaries of Measurement

International Services Building Elevator
File : 5T W G 3E 71.V E2
23
U nits: m illi(g)
10:13:15 04/03/97
5.0
X,Y Axes (Horizontal)

Maximum Peak to Peak and A95 Vibration is Evaluated Between the Point at Which the Lift Has Moved 0.5 Meters From its Start Position to the Point at Which the Lift Has Moved to Within 0.5 Meters From its Final Position
ISO X
Max Pk /Pk : 9.4 A95: 4.5 0-Pk : 6.9
5 0 -5
Max Pk /Pk : 9.8 A95: 6.1 0-Pk : 7.8
-5.0
5.0
ISO Y
0 -5
-5.0 21 43
10 Seconds
15
20
25
Start + 0.5 Meters
Finish - 0.5 Meters
PMT
Evaluating Vibration Level Boundaries of Measurement

International Services Building Elevator 23
U n its: m illi( g) File : 5T W G 3E 71 .V E 2 1 0:13 :15 0 4/0 3/97
200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150
5.0 -5.0
Z Axis (Vertical) Maximum Peak

to Peak and A95 Vibration is Evaluated Between the Point at Which the Lift Has Moved 0.5 Meters From its Start Position to the Point at Which the Lift Has Moved to Within 0.5 Meters From its Final Position AND Where Jerk 0.3 m/s Maximum Peak to Peak Vibration is Evaluated Where Jerk > 0.3 m/s and is Reported as Jerk Zone Maximum Pk/Pk
Z
Ma x Pk /Pk : 5 4 .3 A9 5 : 3 2.2 0- Pk : 17 1 .8

2 1 U nits: m illi( g)
23
25
File : 5T W G 3E 71.V E 2
3 10:13:154 04/03/97
30 20 10
5 10 Max Pk /Pk : 20.0 A95: 14.3 0-Pk : 34.3
15 20 J erk Zone Max Pk /Pk : 36.3 Seconds
5.0 -5.0
ISO Z
0 -10 -20 -30

21 43
10 Seconds
15
20
25
PMT
Evaluating Sound Level

U nits: m illi(g) File : 5T W G 3E 71.V E2
23
10:13:15 04/03/97
Sound Level: Maximum

A-Weighted, Fast Response, and L Aleq Sound Level is Evaluated & Reported Between the Point at Which the Lift Has Moved 0.5 Meters From its Start Position to the Point at Which the Lift Has Moved to Within 0.5 Meters From its Final Position
Run Sound: 61.5 L Aleq: 57.8 Max Sound: 74.6
90
80
Sound(dBA)
70
60.0
60
50
40
21
43
10 Seconds
15
20
25
PMT
Ride Quality Reporting
PMT

Ride Quality - Elevators

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Elevator Ride Quality

Definition & Measurement

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

Why Measure Ride Quality?

Diagnosis (Trouble Shooting)

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

What Was Ride Quality?

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

What is Ride Quality Now?

Measured in Standard Way

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

New Standard ISO/DIS 18738

Elevator Industry Experience

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

Frequency Weighting X,Y Axes

-10 -20 -30 -40

-15 -25 -35 -45 0.1 1 10 100

Human Response to Vibration ISO Filter

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

ISO2631/ISO8041 Vertical Axis

-15 -25 -35 -45 0.1 1 10 100

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

ISO2631/ISO8041 Horizontal Axes

-10 -20 -30 -40 0.1 1 10 100 Frequency (Hz)

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

9.81 m/s2 = 1g = 1000 milli(g)s 1g = 981 gals

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

Field Measurement Method

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

Collected Data (Unfiltered)

Max Pk/Pk: 54.3 A95: 32.2 0-Pk : 171.8

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

10: 13: 15 04/03/97

10 Hz Low Pass Filter

M ax Pk /Pk : 54.3 A95: 32.2 0-Pk : 171.8

-10 -20 -30 -40 0.1 1 10 100

10: 13: 15 04/03/97

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

10: 13: 15 04/03/97

10: 13: 15 04/03/97

M ax Vel oc i ty : 2.56 V95: 2.53

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

10: 13: 15 04/03/97

M ax Vel oc i ty : 2.56 V95: 2.53

Z Velo city m/sec

10: 13: 15 04/03/97

Copyright 2002 Physical Measurement Technologies, Inc.

High Accuracy Instrumentation for the Vertical Transportation

10: 13: 15 04/03/97

Running Slope (Least Squares)