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uk

Business Functions and Organisation

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Business Functions
Human Resources Sales and Marketing Research and Development Production/Operations Customer Service Finance and Accounts Administration and IT
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Human Resources
Recruitment and retention
Job descriptions Person Specifications

Dismissal Redundancy Motivation Professional development and training Health and safety and conditions at work Liaison with trade unions
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Sales and Marketing

Market research Promotion strategies Pricing strategies Sales strategies The sales team Product advice on new product development, product improvement, extension strategies, target markets
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Research and Development

New product development Product improvements Competitive advantage Value added Product testing Efficiency gains Cost savings
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Finance and Accounts

Cash flow
Monitoring income/revenue Monitoring expenditure

Preparing accounts Raising finance

Shares Loans

Links with all other functional areas

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Production/Operations
Acquiring resources Planning output labour, capital, land Monitoring costs Projections on future output Production methods
Batch Flow Job Cell

Efficiency
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Customer Service
Monitoring distribution After-sales service Handling consumer enquiries Offering advice to consumers Dealing with customer complaints Publicity and public relations

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Business Organisation
Organisation by type
Global businesses complex organisation structures National organisation possibly stretches throughout the country Regional could be through a county or wider area (North West, South East, etc.) Local small organisations serving local area or community
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Business Organisation
Authority the right to make decisions and carry out tasks Span of control the number of people a superior is responsible for Chain of Command the relationship between different levels of authority in the business Hierarchy shows the line management in the business and who has specific responsibilities Delegation authority to carry out actions passed from superior to subordinate Empowerment giving responsibilities to people at all levels of the business to make decisions

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Administration and IT
Managing estates cleaning, health and safety, maintenance, security
Reception Clerical work reporting, recording, record keeping, communication Overview of quality control Use of IT systems
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Organisation Charts
Hierarchical Structure
Managing Director

Sales Director

Marketing Director

Finance Director

Market Research

Strategy Purchasing Sales Manager Manager

Accounts Manager

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Organisation Charts
Pyramidal Structure
MD

Senior Management Middle Management

Workers

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Organisation Charts
Centralised/Entrepreneurial
Finance

R&D MD

Production

Marketing

Sales

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Organisation Charts
Collaborative
Sales

Accounts

Marketing

Production
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Organisation Charts
Circular/Flat
Marketing Sales

Finance

Production

R&D

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Organisation Charts
Matrix Structure
Marketing Sales Project HR Finance Production R&D

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Organisation Charts
Changes to business structures Linked to new thinking on leadership and management Less hierarchical Emphasis on communication and collaboration between sections Global businesses more complex structures
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