Introduction to nanotechnology

Overview

Nanotechnology comes from nanometer It is advance technology that deals with synthesis, process, its application 1-100nm size particles are called nanoparticles Applied science & technology in the control of matter, It is multi discplinary subject Existing science in nanoscale

Theres Plenty of Room at the Bottom (Richard Feynman, Pasadena, 29 December

Nanomaterials
Any material manipulated at the nano scale is nanomaterial

Nanomaterials

Possess grain sizes of the order of few nanometers:average size of an atom is 1-2A0 in radius thus in one nanometer 3-5 atoms depending on the atomic radii. Great scientific interest as are exceptionally hard, strong and ductile at high temperatures, wear resistant , corrosion resistant and chemically very active . Bulk material have constant properties, Nanomaterial properties depend on size due to two principal factors:increased relative surface area and quantum effectsthese factors can change or enhance properties such as reactivity, strength and electrical properties.. Eg. gold at nano scale appears red

Carbon Nanomaterials bucky balls and carbon nanotubes

Specially manufactured nanoparticles which donot occur in nature and typically have a crystalline structure. Formed of carbon atoms Covalent bonding .o other element in the periodic table that bonds with itself so strongly Different shaped molecules containing 60 carbon atoms.

Fullerne

Fullerene family have C80, C70, C60, Graphite C60, is main focus for nanomaterials Bucky and CNT are a class of fullerenes C60
Buckyball CNT

Buckyballs

Molecule containing 60 carbon atoms Rounded Ball of 1nm 12 pentagons & 20 hexagons Pentagons allow to take curve form Harder than diamond

Creation of buckyballs

By Laser method Electric arc method Cumbustion synthesis

Uses of bucyballs

Antioxidant Drug delivery

CNT
CNT- stands for Carbon nanotube Actually cylinders of carbon Types of bucyballs that ends are not closed Instead of sphere, cylinder is formed

Types of CNT

Classification on the base of walls Classification on base of C-C attachment

Classification on the base of walls

CNT SWNT MWNT

SWNT- singlewalled nanotube MWNT-multiwalled nanotube

Classification on base of C-C attachment

Armchair Zigzag Chiral

Creation of CNT

Hi- PCO CVD Plasma process

Properties of CNT

Tensile strength is aprox. 100 times > steel Strong but elastic Light weighted , density about of steel High thermal conductivity 10 times that of silver Bit sticky Conduct electricity better than metals

Uses of CNT
Wires out nanotubes To detect chemical vapour Sensors using CNT Possibilty to store Hydrogen , can be used as fuel tanks Transisters , memory cells, wires Many others uses

Conclusion
Nanomaterials was introduced on earth as it was formed , But currently scientist have made it a hot topic to research on And innovation on this research will again revolutionzed the world again

Thank you