Anatomy & Physiology of the Eye

MAULA RIFADA DEPARTMENT OF OPTHALMOLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN CICENDO EYE HOSPITAL

Orbital Anatomy

Orbital Anatomy

Orbital Anatomy
Paranasal Sinuses

Extraocular Muscle

Landmark of External Eye

Eyelid

Lacrimal System

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The Conjunctiva
Divided into 3 geographical zone

1. Conjunctiva palpebra (cover lids inner suface) 2. Conjunctiva fornices 3. Conjunctiva bulbi (cover anterior part or eyeball)

The Cornea
Consist of 5 layers:

1. Epithelium 2. Bowmans membrane 3. Stroma or substantia propia (90% of corneal thickness) 4. Descemets membrane 5. Endothelium (primary mechanism for controlling stromal hydration)

The Cornea
Cover the anterior part of the eyeball Junction between the cornea and the sclera

limbus Very richly supplied with nerve fibers derived from trigeminal nerve & has no blood vessels The epithelium continuation of conjunctiva The stroma continuation of sclera Helps focus image on the retina

Sclera
Layer of dense

connective tissue collagen fibers & fibroblast Cover the entire eyeball except cornea

Uvea
The middle layer of the eyeball The uveal tract consist of 3 parts

1. the iris 2. ciliary body 3. the choroid

Iris
The colored portion of the eyeball Suspended between the cornea and the lens Contain melanin

Regulate the amount of light entering the eyeball the pupil

Ciliary Body
Contain melanin Consist of ciliary processes & ciliary muscle Extending from ciliary processes zonular fibers

attach to the lens Ciliary muscle changes the tightness of the zonular fibers alters the shape of the lens near or far vision

Choroid
Highly vascularized Lines most of the internal

surface of the sclera Provide nutrients to the posterior surface of the retina

Lens
Biconvex Lens capsule & lens fiber crystallins protein Nucleus

Zonular fibers (Zonula Zinii)

Helps focus the image on the retina

Retina

Retina

Retina

Aqueous Humor & Vitreous

Aqueous humor watery fluid nourishes the lens

and cornea Vitreous jellylike substance that hold the retina flush against the choroid

Aqueous Humor Regulation

Light stimuli
Refractive media

SCHEMATIC OF VISUAL PATHWAY

Retina
Physical and Chemical action

Impulses
Central nervous system

SCHEMATIC OF VISUAL PATHWAY

Image Formation