PUBLIC POLICY

What is Public Policy?

Relationship with State Craft

Methodology

Process

STATECRAFT
A highly intentional Art

Imparts purpose to state actions as against mere

reaction to events

Art of managing state affairs

Applied to conduct of all facets of inter & intra- state

relations diplomatic , political, economic, military

STATECRAFT ?

Doctrines, dispositions, policies, processes

and operations that promote governance,

security and prosperity of a state

STATECRAFT
Evolves through interaction of leaders, society &

state
Leader - Society - State relationship is dynamic and evolving Statecraft is relevant to socio-cultural environment Embedded in the political culture of a society

POLITICAL CULTURE
Commonly held beliefs on how governmental,

political and economic life should be carried out

Traditional, Tribal, Patriarchal vs Rational,

Democratic culture
Political Rationality/Culture

Bureaucratic Rationality/Culture

Tetzel, a Dominican monk, Upon arrival in a town, he would be greeted by a prearranged procession of clergy and commoners coming out to meet him with flags and lighted candles while church bells rang joyful tunes. Traveling with a brass-bound chest and a bag of printed receipts, and preceded by an assistant friar bearing the Bull of Indulgence on a velvet cushion, he would set up shop in the nave of the principal church in front of a huge cross raised for the occasion and draped with the papal banner. At his side an agent of the Fuggers kept careful count of the money that purchasers dropped into a bowl placed on top of the chest, as each received a pointed indulgence from the bag. 7

I have here, Tetzel would call out, the passports to lead the human soul to the celestial joys of Paradise. For a mortal sin, seven years of penance were due. Who then would hesitate for a quarterflorin to secure one of these letters of remission? Warming up, he would say that if a Christian had slept with his mother and put money in the Popes bowl, the Holy Father had the power in Heaven and earth to forgive the sin, and if he forgave it, God must do so also. In behalf of the deceased, he said that as soon as the coin rang in the bowl, the soul for whom it was paid would fly out of Purgatory straight to Heaven.
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The folly was not pursuit of counter-productive policy so much as rejection of any steady or coherent policy either political or religious that would have improved their situation or arrested the rising discontent. Disregard of the movements and sentiments developing around them was a primary folly. They were deaf to disaffection, blind to the alternative ideas it gave rise to, blandly impervious to challenge, unconcerned by the dis-government, fixed in refusal to change, almost stupidly stubborn in maintaining a corrupt existing system. They could not change it because they were part of it, grew out of it, depended on it.
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 they gave themselves to drifting into vanities, congregating in absurdities, planning short-sightedly, plotting dementedly. (George Meredith: The Egoist)

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An effective theory is a framework created to model

certain observed phenomena without describing in

detail all of the underlying processes. (Stephen

Hawking , The Grand Design)

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Different theories can successfully describe the

same phenomenon through disparate conceptual

frameworks. In fact, many scientific theories that

had proven successful were later replaced by other,

equally successful theories based on wholly new concepts of reality. (Stephen Hawking , The Grand Design)
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According to even conservative estimates, during

this cosmological inflation, the universe expanded

by a factor of

1,ooo,ooo,ooo,ooo,ooo,ooo,ooo,ooo,ooo,ooo

in

.oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo1. It was as if a coin 1 centimeter in diameter suddenly blew up to ten million times the width of the Milky Way. (Stephen Hawking , The Grand Design)
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 Every systematic science, the humblest and

the noblest alike, seems to admit of two distinct kinds of proficiency; one of which may be properly called scientific knowledge of the subject, while the other is a kind of

educational acquaintance with it. For an

educated man should be able to form a fair off-hand judgment as to the goodness or badness of the method used by a professor in his exposition.
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 To be educated is in fact to be able to do this;

and even the man of universal education we deem to be such in virtue of his having this

ability. It will, however, of course, be

understood that we only ascribe universal

education to one who in his own individual

person is thus critical in all or nearly all branches of knowledge, and not to one who has a like ability merely in some special subject.
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 For it is possible for a man to have this

competence in some one branch of knowledge without having it in all.

Aristotle (on the Parts of Animals)

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N. Aims N. Objectives & Goals

NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

Orchestration of Instruments & Elements 3 NATIONAL POLICY (Main N. Course) 2 Strategic Appraisal

JUDICIARY 7 Inst of Statecraft Media, Edu, Eco, Mil, Foreign, Interior, Religious

1 Nationhood N. Id Basis Nationalism N Purpose N. Interests EXECUTIVE

LEGISLATURE 6 Elements of N. Power Geo, Population, Water, Minerals, Land, Military, Media, Executive, Legislature, Judiciary

Values, Beliefs, Attitudes (Lt and Rt of Centre Beliefs 8 Taxes/Govt, Welfare State vs. Rights, F Policy, Pluralism, Religion: Dynamic vs. Static, Tradition vs Modernity, Dogma vs. Rational, Muslim vs. Islamic, Federalism vs. Constitutionalism, Nationalism vs. Sub Nationalism, Equality Liberty Fraternity

Purpose, Interests N. Aims N. Objectives & Goals

4 NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY Orchestration of Instruments & Elements NATIONAL POLICY 3 (Main N. Course) 2 Strategic Appraisal JUDICIARY 7 Inst of Statecraft Media, Edu, Eco, Mil, Foreign, Interior, Religious 1 Nationhood N. Id Basis Nationalism N Purpose N. Interests EXECUTIVE LEGISLATURE 6 Elements of N. Power Geo, Population, Water, Minerals, Land, Military, Media, Executive, Legislature, Judiciary

5National policy Directive

Values, Beliefs, Attitudes (Lt and Rt of Centre Beliefs 8 Taxes/Govt, Welfare State vs. Rights, F Policy, Pluralism, Religion: Dynamic vs. Static, Tradition vs Modernity, Dogma vs. Rational, Muslim vs. Islamic, Federalism vs. Constitutionalism, Nationalism vs. Sub Nationalism, Equality Liberty Fraternity

The Masters of Fiqh

SYRIAN LEGISTS
Influenced by Syrian and Umayyad governmental practices

MEDINA LEGISTS
Claimed closer memory of Prophets Sunnah, and less taint of innovations

IRAQI LEGISTS
Used analogy but also preferred equity; influenced by Iraqi and Abbasid government practices

Al-Awza i

Malik b. Anas (715-795) Malik i school

Abu-Hanifah (d. 767) Hanifi school

al-Shafi i al-Shaybani Abu-Yousuf (d. 820) (d.805) (d.798) Shafi i school Rigorous care to verify hadits, especially of Prophets Sunnah; Use of analogy Ibn-Hanbal (d. 855) Hanbali school
Emphasis upon using carefully chosen hadits; preference for a weak hadith over a strong analogy Dawud b. Khalaf (d.883) Zahiri school

Emphasis upon & restriction to literalist use of Quran and hadiths of the Prophets Sunnah

Everything one has a right to do is not best to be done. (Benjamin Franklin)

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How much, does a mans efforts depend on the age in which his work is cast!.

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Folly, in one of its aspects, is the obstinate attachment to a disserviceable goal.

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Considering that Those seeking change were engaged in all the practices that the rules forbade, the will was missing. Change of course must come either from will at the top or from irresistible external pressure.

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