Power Pivot For Techies

Power Pivot For Techies
MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT
www.pragmaticworks.com
Class Logistics
Dan Clark (dclark@pragmaticworks.com) Make it Interactive!!! Mute when not talking to class. Let me know if sound or video cuts out. Have Fun This is cool stuff!!!
Introductions
Agenda - Day 1
Introduction to PowerPivot Importing Data Creating the Data Model Calculations with DAX Lab Setup
Agenda - Day 2
Creating Measures Time Intelligence PivotTables PivotCharts
Agenda - Day 3
Tabular Data Models in SSAS Understanding Context with DAX Advanced Data Analysis Managing and Securing Tabular Models
Module 1: Introduction to PowerPivot

Why use PowerPivot? Vertipaq Engine Installing PowerPivot Exploring Data with PowerPivot
Why use PowerPivot?

Self Service BI Fast Performance Familiar Excel Interface Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) Integrate Data Integrate with SharePoint
The Vertipaq Engine

Fast Performance Columnar Database Data Compression In-memory Storage Calculations on the Fly Table Model
Installing PowerPivot
Free Add-in to Excel 2010 32bit version supports 2GB files 64bit version supports 4GB files Windows XP SP3 32bit only Windows 7 32bit and 64bit versions
Exploring Data with PowerPivot

Pivot Tables Fields and Values Filtering and Slicing Measures KPIs Hierarchies Pivot Charts
Hands On Lab: Installing and Exploring Data with PowerPivot
http://pragmaticworks.com/PowerPivotForTechies.zip
Module 2 Importing Data into PowerPivot

Databases Files SSAS Cubes Data Feeds Refreshing Data
Importing Data from a Database

The Table Import Wizard Tables and Views Previewing Queries Stored Procedures
Importing Data from a File

Importing from Excel
Launches Table Import Wizard Select Tables (sheets) Data Preview
Text File Imports Single Table No Query option
Importing Data from an SSAS Cube

SSAS 2005 or greater MDX Query (Designer Available) Result is Flattened to Table
Importing Data from a Data Feed

XML Data Streams Online Data Source B to B EDI Data Feed in Atom Format Use Table Import Wizard Provide Web Address
Refreshing Data in PowerPivot
Data is Point in Time Manually Refresh Data

Automatic Recalculation Recommended
Automatic Data Refresh

Published to SharePoint 2010 Scheduled Data Refresh Managed by SharePoint
Hands On Lab: Loading Data into PowerPivot
Module 3: Creating the Data Model

What is a Data Model? Creating Table Relations Denormalizing Data Linked Tables Creating Hierarchies
What is a Data Model?

Tables and Relations Logical Model vs. Physical Model Normalization vs. Denormalization OLAP vs. OLTP Facts and Dimensions
Creating Table Relations

Relationship Types
Active and Inactive
Auto Relationship Detection

Verifying Auto Detection
Manually Defining Relationships

Data Types Concatenated Keys
Denormalizing Data
When to Denormalize Denormalizing After Loading Data
Using the Related Function
Denormalizing While Loading Data

Using SQL Queries Table Joins Using the Query Designer
Linked Tables
Table created in Excel Linked to a Table in PowerPivot Changes to Linked Tables Automatically Reflect the Changes in PowerPivot.
Hierarchies
Organize Attributes Natural Hierarchies
Year Quarter Month Country Region City
Aids in Rolling up/Drilling down Analysis
Hands On Lab: Updating a Data Model in PowerPivot
Module 4: Creating Calculations with DAX

Why DAX? Calculated Columns DAX Operators Working with Text Date and Time Functions Conditional and Logical Functions Miscellaneous Functions
Why DAX?
Easier Data Analysis Larger User Base Leverage Excel
Formula Syntax PivotTables
Simpler Relational Data Model

Based on Tables, Columns, and Relationships No Complex Multidemensional Concepts
Adding Calculated Columns

Uses DAX Expressions Populated When Defined Uses in PivotTable
Row/Column Labels Filters/Slicers
Data Types
Whole Number Decimal Number Currency True/False Text Date Binary
DAX Operators
MarginPercent =[Margin]/[TotalCost]
Type Arithmetic operator Symbol + (plus sign) (minus sign) Use Addition Subtraction Negation
* (asterisk)
/ (forward slash) ^ (caret) Comparison operator =
Multiplication
Division Exponentiation Equal to
>
< >= <= <>
Greater than
Less than Greater than or equal to Less than or equal to Not equal to
DAX Operators (Cont.)

LastName=[FirstName] & " " & [LastName]
Type Text operator Logical operator Symbol & (ampersand) && (double ampersand) Use
Concatenates two values Creates an AND condition between two expressions. Creates an OR condition between two logical expressions. Returns the complement of the condition defined by the expression that follows. precedence order and grouping of arguments
|| (double pipe symbol)
! (NOT)
Parenthesis operator
()
Working with Text

Formatting Concatenating Casing Trimming Splitting Searching Replacing Converting
CalendarWeekLabel ="Week" & "-" & Right([CalendarWeek],2)

FormatDate=FORMAT('Date'[Datekey],"dddd mmm-dd")
Using Date and Time Functions

Converting Current Date and Time Splitting Apart Dates Week Number and Week Day Maturity Dates Elapsed Time
CalendarMonth =MONTH([Datekey]) Age =Year(NOW()) - Year([BirthDate])
Using Conditional and Logical Functions

Conditional Calculations Testing for Multiple Conditions Testing for Any Condition Testing for Errors Testing for Number or Text Nesting Conditions Blank Values
StoreSizeArea =IF([SellingAreaSize]>=1000,"Large","Small")
Math Functions
Ceiling Log Round Random Trunc
AdjustedPrice=CEILING([ProductPrice],0.05)
Navigation Functions
Getting a Value From a Related Table Getting a Set of Values From a Related Table Filtering Values from a Related Table
ProductCategory=Related('ProductCategory'[ProductCategoryName])
StoreCount=COUNTX(RELATEDTABLE(Store),Store[EntityKey])
Hands on Lab: Adding Calculated Columns with DAX
Module 5: Creating Measures with DAX

Measures Aggregation Filter Context Calculate Function Miscellaneous Functions
Measures
Named Formulas Defined in Measures Grid Used in Values Area of PivotTable Evaluated on the Fly Evaluated Separately for Each Cell
Filter Context
Applied by Filter Constraints Row and Column Headers Slicers and Filters DAX Formula Filters
Aggregation
Aggregating a column
SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, DISTINCTCOUNT, MIN, MAX
Aggregating Expressions Over Rows

SUMX, AVERAGEX, COUNTX, MINX, MAXX
TotalSales:=SUM([SalesAmount]) TotalMargin:=SUMX(Sales,(Sales[SalesAmount]-Sales[TotalCost]))
Using the Calculate Function

ResellerSales:=CALCULATE([TotalSales],Store[StoreType]="Reseller")
Final Result is a single Value Expression is Aggregate SetFilter Modifies Filter Context
Boolean Expression Table Expression
AllProductSales:=CALCULATE([TotalSales], ALL(Product))
Miscellaneous Functions
Rank
Ranks Value in List of Values
TopN
Returns Aggregate of Top or Bottom Values
SalesTotal =SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]) Bottom10ProductSales =SUMX(TOPN(10, Product, [SalesTotal], 1), [SalesTotal]) ColorRank:=RANKX(ALL(Product[ColorName]), [SalesTotal])
Miscellaneous Functions Cont.

USERRELATIONSHIP
Allows the Use of a Non-active Relationship Used in Functions That Have a Filter Argument
Values
Returns Valid Values for the Column Based on Current Filter Context Often Used in IF Function
USERELATIONSHIP(FactSales[ShipDateKey], Date[DateKey]) VALUES(Geography[RegionCountryName]) = United States
Hands on Lab: Adding Measures with DAX
Module 6: Incorporating Time Intelligence

Creating Date Tables Time Intelligence Functions Comparing Data over Time Semi-Additive Measures
Creating Date Tables

One Row for Every Date Span Range of Possible Dates Import From Source or Create in Excel Mark as a Date Table in Model Date Column Passed to Time Intelligence Functions
Time Intelligence Functions

Set of 35 Functions Handles Both Calendar and Fiscal Years Functions Returning a Single Date Previous/Next Functions To-date Shifting Date Context
FIRSTDATE('Date'[Datekey])
PREVIOUSMONTH(Date[DateKey])
LNBDate:=LASTNONBLANK('Date'[Datekey],[BaseQty])
DATESYTD(Date[DateKey])
DATEADD(Date[DateKey], -1, YEAR))
Time Intelligence (cont.)

Evaluate Expressions Over a Period of Time Evaluate Expressions for a Point in Time
YTDSales:=TOTALYTD([Sales],'Date'[Datekey])
=CLOSINGBALANCEMONTH(SUMX(Inventory, Inventory[UnitCost]*Inventory[UnitsOnHand]),Date[DateKey])
Using Time Intelligence

Comparing Data over Time
Year-to-Date Year Over Year Growth Using a Period Table
Semi-additive Measures
Aggregated Using SUM Over Some Dimensions Different Aggregation Over Other Dimensions (Date/Time) Examples
Balances Inventory Levels
Hands on Lab: Adding Time Intelligence
Module 7: Working with PivotTables

Pivot Table Fundamentals Sorting, Filtering, and Formatting Adding Calculations Using Sets Adding Banding
PivotTable Fundamentals
Field List
Values, Labels, Filters, and Slicers Numeric Fields Default to Values Text Fields Default to Labels Hiding Fields and Tables
Sorting, Filtering, and Formatting

Sorting
Built in Sorting Options Using Sort Lists
Filtering
Label Filters Value Filters Showing Top Values
Formatting
Using PivotTable Tools Design Tab Conditional Formatting
Adding Calculations
Showing Values as % of Total Ranking Values Aggregating Values Inserting Columns
Convert to Values Convert to Cube Formulas
=CUBEVALUE("PowerPivot Data",$C7,E$6,Slicer_Year,Slicer_Quarter,Slicer_ResellerSize)
Using Sets and Adding Banding

Sets
Based on Rows or Columns Appears in Set Folder After Tables Use for Custom Sets Not Defined in Data Source
Banding
Convert Continuous Values into Buckets
Age Ranges, Pricing, Income
Use a Table Defining Band Ranges Use Calculate Function to Select Band
Hands on Lab: Building a PivotTable Report
Module 8 - Visualizing Data

PivotTable Visualization Flattened PivotTable Working With PivotCharts Using Multiple Charts and Tables
PivotTable Visualization
Data Bars Sparklines
Flattened PivotTables
Uses Standard Table Layout Useful for Reports and Printing
Working with PivotCharts

Creates a Chart Sheet and a PivotTable Sheet PivotTable Provides Data for the Chart Popular Chart Types
Column, Pie, Bar, Line
PivotChart Tools Tabs

Design, Layout, Format, Analyze
Slicers Control Both Chart and Table

Using Multiple Charts and Tables

Using Predefined Layouts Slicers
Adding PivotTables and Charts to Existing Layouts

Hands on Lab: Visualizing the Data
Module 9: Creating Tabular Data Models in SSAS

Advantages of using Tabular Data Models Installing SSAS Tabular Mode SQL Server Data Tools Creating Tabular Model Projects Importing Data Table Relations
Advantages of using Tabular Data Models in SSAS

Scalability Manageability Security Development Tools
Installing SSAS Tabular Mode

Uses Vertipaq Engine Needs Own Instance of SSAS Server Mode Must be Tabular Install SQL Server Data Tools
Creating Tabular Model Projects in SQL Server Data Tools

Project Templates Designer Window
Similar to PowerPivot
Solution Explorer
Container for Project .bim File Contains Database Definition, Metadata, Copy and Pasted Data
Error List Property Windows Tool Integration

DAX Editor Source Control Deployment Wizard
Importing Data
Data Sources
Relational Databases Analysis Service Cubes Imported as Flattened Data Excel Files Power Pivot Workbook - Hosted on SharePoint Text Files Data Feeds Atom Feeds, Reporting Services Reports
Table Import Wizard

Same as PowerPivot
Copy and Paste

10,000 Row Limit Tables cant be Partitioned
Table Relations
Relate Tables Together by Common Column Composite Keys not Supported
Use a Calculated Column
Types
One-To-Many One-To-One
Table Import Wizard Detects Relationships Defined in Database

Table Relations (Cont.)

Single Active Relationship Between Tables
Default Used in DAX and Model Ensures Non-ambiguous dependencies between tables. Non-Active Relationship Can Exist and be used by DAX Can Copy Table and Use as Active
Example - Order Date and Ship Date
One Relationship for Each Source Column

Source Column Cannot Participate in Multiple Relationships Can Use Calculated Column to Copy Column
Hands on Lab: Loading Data into a Tabular Model
Module 10: DAX Context

Identifying the Row Context Query and Filter Contexts Functions that Alter Context Context and Calculations
Row Context
Calculated column
Row Context Includes All Values in Current Row
DAX Function that Iterates Over Rows

SUMX
Multiple Tables
RELATED Function propagates Row Context
Must be a Relationship Defined in the Model Uses Active Relationship by Default Propagates From the One Side to the Many Side
Discount = SALES[Price] * (1 - RELATED(CustomerDiscount[Discount]))
SalesCount = SUMX(RELATEDTABLE(Sales),Sales[OrderQuantity])
Query and Filter Contexts

Query Context
Established by the Row and Column Headers Further Restricted by Filters and Slicers Different For Each Cell
Filter Context
Added When a Filter Constraint is Used Alters the Query Context
SUMX(Filter(Sales,Sales[OrderQuantity]>5),SALES[SalesAmount])
Functions That Alter the Context

FILTER DISTINCT CALCULATE CALCULATETABLE ALL ALLEXCEPT
Functions That Alter the Context

ALLSELECTED
Removes context filters from columns and rows Retains all other context filters or explicit filters.
KEEPFILTERS function
Filters Override any Existing Column Filter
Hierarchies Filter Context is Cleared Causes Problems Rolling Up the Data
KEEPFILTERS Adds Filter Context to Existing Filters

CALCULATE(SUM('ResellerSales'[SalesAmount]), ALLSELECTED())
SUMX (KEEPFILTERS (VALUES (Date[CalendarYear])), [TotalSales])
Context and Calculations

CALCULATE and RELATEDTABLE convert Row Context to Filter Context Set Row Identifier in Table Properties
Avoids Circular Dependencies Optimizes Calculations Will Cause Memory Footprint to Increase Avoid on Large Tables (Fact Table)
CALCULATE Performs Better Than FILTER and RELATEDTABLE

Hands On Lab - Exploring Row and Filter Contexts
Module 11: Advanced Data Analysis

Creating KPIs Parent Child Relationships Many to Many Relationships
Creating KPIs
Used to Gauge Performance of a Value Often used on a Business Scorecard Usually Displayed in Graphical Format
Red, Yellow, Green
Base Value
Defined by a Measure
Target Value
Defined by Measure or Absolute Value
Status Thresholds
Defined by Range Between a low and High Value
Parent Child Relationships

Table with a Self-referencing Relationship Designed to Store Relationships Between Records in the Same Table DAX Can Materialize Implied Relationships Used to Create Parent Child Hierarchy
Useful for
Organizational Structures General Ledger Structures
DAX Functions Exist for Navigating Path
Many to Many Relationship
Intermediate Table used to Join Tables Not Supported by Model Designer Simulated With DAX
Manny To Many Relationships

Example Market Basket Analysis
Used to Analyze Customers Who Purchased Two Sets of Products
Two Copies of the Product Table Inactive Relationship Defined Between Sales Table and Product Tables Filter Customers Who Bought One Set of Products Check if They Bought a Product From the Other Set
Hands on Lab: Creating KPIs and Parent-Child Hierarchies
Module 12: Managing and Securing Tabular Data Models in SSAS

Implementing Perspectives Applying Role Based Security Implementing Row Based Security Creating and Processing Partitions Deploying a Tabular Model
Implementing Perspectives
Define Viewable Subsets of a Model Provide Business-Specific Viewpoints Tables, Columns, and Measures are Defined as Field Objects Select the Viewable Fields for Each Perspective Not Meant to be Used for Security Tool for Providing a Better User Experience
Applying Role Based Security

Define Member Permissions for a Model Membership is by Windows Username/Group Permissions
Read
Query Data (Based on Row Filters)
Process
Can Run Processing Operations
Administrator
Can Make Modifications to the Model Schema Can Query All Data
Implementing Row Based Security

Row Filters Define Which Rows Can be Queried Row Filters are Defined Using DAX Formulas Must Evaluate to a TRUE/FALSE Value Row Filters Apply to the Specified Rows as Well as Related Rows Use the Filter, =FALSE(), to Deny Access to All Rows For a Table
Processing Partitions
Option Add Description Adds new rows to a partition. Any affected calculated columns, relationships, user hierarchies, or internal engine structures (except table dictionaries) are recalculated. Drops all the data in a database, table, or partition. Loads data into a partition or table.
Clear Data
Default
Loads data into unprocessed partitions or tables. Any affected calculated columns, relationships, user hierarchies, or internal engine structures (except table dictionaries) are recalculated.
Loads data into all selected partitions or tables. Any affected calculated columns, relationships, user hierarchies, or internal engine structures (except table dictionaries) are recalculated. For all tables in the database, recalculates calculated columns, rebuilds relationships. rebuilds user hierarchies, and rebuilds other internal engine structures.
Full
Recalc
Deploying a Tabular Model

Must Deploy to SSAS for Client Access Connecting to Deployed Model
.bism Connection File in Sharepoint Data connection directly from reporting client
Microsoft Excel, Power View, Custom Applications
Deployment Options
SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT)
Set Deployment Properties Server, Database, Cube Name, Processing
Analysis Management Objects (AMO) Automation Synchronize Database Wizard

Hands On Lab: Securing a Tabular Model
Resources
Web Sites http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg399181.aspx http://powerpivot-info.com http://blogs.msdn.com/b/analysisservices/ http://www.bidn.com Books http://www.amazon.com/Microsoft-PowerPivot-Excel-2010Meaning/dp/0735640580 http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0071746854/

Power Pivot For Techies

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Power Pivot For Techies

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Module 1: Introduction to PowerPivot

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Why use PowerPivot?

The Vertipaq Engine

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Exploring Data with PowerPivot

Hands On Lab: Installing and Exploring Data with PowerPivot

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Module 2 Importing Data into PowerPivot

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Importing Data from a Database

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Importing Data from a File

Text File Imports Single Table No Query option

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Importing Data from an SSAS Cube

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Importing Data from a Data Feed

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Refreshing Data in PowerPivot

Data is Point in Time Manually Refresh Data

Automatic Data Refresh

Hands On Lab: Loading Data into PowerPivot

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Module 3: Creating the Data Model

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

What is a Data Model?

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Creating Table Relations

Auto Relationship Detection

Manually Defining Relationships

Denormalizing While Loading Data

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Aids in Rolling up/Drilling down Analysis

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Hands On Lab: Updating a Data Model in PowerPivot

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Module 4: Creating Calculations with DAX

Simpler Relational Data Model

Adding Calculated Columns

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

DAX Operators (Cont.)

|| (double pipe symbol)

Working with Text

CalendarWeekLabel ="Week" & "-" & Right([CalendarWeek],2)

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Using Date and Time Functions

Using Conditional and Logical Functions

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT

Hands on Lab: Adding Calculated Columns with DAX

MAKING BUSINESS INTELLIGENT