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The goal of the project is to encourage institutions, developers, designers, and professional organizations to adopt a Green during construction pledge to the benefit of the surrounding community, workers and visitors on the site by reducing emissions, particulate matter, dust and silicates, and toxic gases, like CO.
Rajendran (2009) no significant difference in injury rates (LEED vs non-LEED) Gambatese (2009) blind spot in sustainable design practice when it comes to worker safety and health
Green Globes
Green Building Initiative
Addresses dust exposures and diesel fumes Adopted by ANSI [American National Standards Institute] for Commercial buildings
GDC Benefits
Reduce exposure to exhaust products
Hypoxia (oxygen starvation) due to acute carbon monoxide poisoning may cause both reversible, short-lasting neurological deficits and severe, often delayed neurological damage, and death.
NESCAUM , Evaluating the Occupational and Environmental Impact on NonROAD Diesel Equipment in the Northeast, Mar 2004.
Worksite snapshot
In Colorado, 40% (135) of all workrelated CO poisonings [1985-1995] were related to the use of gasoline-powered equipment [CDPHE
1996].
Seventeen of the 135 workers poisoned lost consciousness during their exposures, and two died.
construction related:
concrete-cutting saws (28 workers), power trowels (15 workers), highpressure washers (14 workers), compressors (10 workers), welding equipment (9 workers).
crystalline silica
300 workers die every year from silicosis, a chronic, disabling
lung disease characterized by the formation of nodules of scar tissue in the lungs in the US.
The industry that leads in premature mortality (years of potential life lost) from silicosis is construction.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified inhaled crystalline silica as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) IARCs highest designation.
Silica Historical
Among the largest industrial disasters in US history Gauley Bridge, WV 1930-1932 Tunnel construction Silica content of the rock - >90% >475 workers died
1,500 were disabled from chronic silicosis {169 Afro American workers were buried in a mass grave in nearby fields.}
View of Hawks Nest tunnel interior, March 13, 1932 Source: The Hawks Nest Incident, Cherniak M, 1986
concrete and masonry and products containing silica Demolition of concrete/ masonry Removing paint and rust with power equipment Dry sweeping or air blowing of concrete rock sand dust Jack hammering on concert, masonry and other surfaces.
Fibercement materials
A new increasingly popular concrete-like material used in roof shingles, panel units, floor underlayments, backerboards, and siding. Strong. durable, mold and weather resistant, and noncombustible
especially silica control measures, during construction. [RI DEM has a fugitive dust rule that restricts offsite community exposure.]
Idling Protocols
In selecting contractors {X. (Hospital, University, Developer) will give preference to those contractors who commit to air toxic emissions reductions strategies such as(1) a]Turn off diesel engines on construction equipment and trucks not in active use. (1) b}Turn off gasoline powered cars, trucks and equipment that are idling and not in active use.
Idling Protocols
Locate diesel and gasoline powered equipment away from building air intakes, air conditioners and windows (sensitive receptors.)
Implement dust suppression controls, especially silica control measures during construction.
wetting measures
has been shown to reduce respirable crystalline silica dust during various construction operations worldwide.
General purpose sprinklers reduce the reentrainment of settled dust on roadways and other areas. Sweeping compounds reduce dust exposures when rooms under construction are being swept.
Environmental Construction Guidelines US Green, Sustainable Building Technical Manual, Public Technology Inc..
LEED for new construction rating: Create an Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan during the construction phase, using strategies such as seeding, mulching, earth dikes, silt fencing, sediment traps and basins.
Utilize equipment (stationary and mobile fleets) that reduce exhaust products (PM, CO, NO etc.)
Best diesel retrofit technology (per Northeast Diesel Collaborative.) (DPFs) that contain oxidation catalysts.
However, NO2 increases with highly catalyzed filters with on-board regeneration. No problems were found with other filters.)
Air Quality
Equipment use\ (Only use
portable gasoline powered generators/equipment that have catalytic converters.)
can build up rapidly with even a low horse power engine. CO can accumulate rapidly. And dilute ventilation (leaving doors and windows open for example) may be inadequate to prevent CO accumulation. Forklifts, scissorlifts, pumps and floor buffers are just some examples of potentially sources of CO.
Construction shall not proceed until the Contractor has provided a site work plan that includes information on the policies herein. Costs associated with implementing controls shall be included in the general cost of the contract.
3} Locate diesel and gasoline equipment away from sensitive receptors (e.g., standing air intakes for adjacent structures.)
Construction Protocols
Apply dust suppression controls Water spray dust control measures have been shown to reduce respirable crystalline silica dust during various construction and mining operations worldwide.
Chipping, drilling, crushing rock Abrasive blasting Sawing, drilling, grinding, Specially designed equipment removes respirable-size particles from the air, while general purpose sprinklers reduce settled dust on roadways and other areas. Prohibit dry sweeping and using air pressure spray to cleanup.
concrete and masonry Demolition of concrete/ masonry Removing paint and rust with power equipment Dry sweeping or air blowing of concrete rock sand dust Jack hammering on concert, masonry and other surfaces.
To reduce dust exposures, use an appropriate sweeping compound and assure that the persons doing the sweeping wear appropriate dust masks and that they are properly trained in their usage.
Construction Protocols
All Contractor and Sub-Contractor diesel-powered non-road construction equipment with engine horsepower (HP) ratings of 60 HP and above, which is located or used on the project shall be retrofitted with Emission Control Devices.
The reduction of emissions of particulate matter (PM), Oxides of nitrogen (NOs) and hydrocarbons (HC) from diesel-powered equipment shall be accomplished by installing Retrofit Emission Control Devices and by using ultra low sulfur diesel fuel. The Emission Control Devices
must be either included on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Use electric/battery equipment in place of gasoline powered equipment:<>Electric scissorlifts replace gas powered. <>Electric heaters replace propane or gas powered blowers.
Supplemental attachments
Reduce Noise
Evaluate toxicity of materials (adhesives, paints, solvents etc]
[Reduce and substitution]
RICOSH was invited to discuss the Green During Construction program at-"Making Green Jobs Safe: Integrating Occupational Safety and Health into Green and Sustainability" in December 14 - 16, 2009 Sponsored by Centers for Disease Control/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and USEPA.
Project partners: {}RI Committee on Occupational Safety and Health {} American Lung Association of Rhode Island Organizations that have facilitated project: US Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Providence Area Office, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers L99, United Service and Allied Workers of RI. Supporters:{} Office of Air Resources, RI Department of Environmental Management Green Power and Light. National Coalition on Occupational Safety and Health RI Diesel Coalition. The Construction Institute Boston MA NIOSH /CDC Office of Construction Safety