A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON STAGE-II 500 MW PROTECTION SYSTEM

By P H CHARY Sr. Engineer (O&M/EMD)

SWITCHGEAR

What is a Switchgear ?
The apparatus used for Switching, Controlling and Protecting the Electrical Circuits and equipment.

Need of Switchgear :
* Switching during normal operating conditions for the purpose of Operation and Maintenance.

* Switching during Faults and Abnormal conditions and interrupting the fault currents.

STAGE II SWITCHGEAR
11KV Station Swgr. 11KV Unit Swgr. 3.3KV Unit Aux. Swgr. 415V LT Swgr. (Except unit emergency Swgr.) Unit Emergency Swgr DC Distribution Board

11KV STATION SWGR.

Normally Main Incomer from Station Transformer # 3, 4 and 5 is kept in charged condition. There is no auto changeover scheme for tie breakers. Changeover is to be done after proper synchronization whenever any one of the Station Transformer is to be taken out. Synchronization facility is available in Unit control room only. Normally one of the Tie breakers at SA/SC/SE & SB/SD/SF end are kept closed permanently & changeover to carried out at other station board whose normal incomer is taken out. Whenever Tie breakers to other station boards at SA & SB end are closed, auto changeover of UNIT buses is blocked. Station tie to unit board got protection trip if the normal incomer from ST and tie to other station board opens.

11KV UNIT SWGR.

During start-up of unit, unit bus is kept charged from station buses (station supply). After synchronization of unit & subsequently unit load raises to 150MW, manual changeover from Station to Unit is done through proper synchronization. Here, UT incomer is closed first, which initiates tripping of unit board tie to station board. During Unit tripping due to Turbine or Generator, FAST CHANVEOVER takes place in order to keep the supply available in unit buses. If for any reason, fast changeover does not take place, SLOW CHANGEOVER takes place after voltage on the bus comes to 27.27% of rated voltage through NO-VOLT relay. During Bus fault, auto changeover is blocked. During planned shut down of units, unit bus supply can also be changed over to station supply after proper synchronization as explained in point No.2.

3.3 KV UNIT AUX. SWGR.

Normally both 3.3KV buses of unit are kept charged from their respective transformers, called UAT. The bus coupler is kept in service and ready condition. Auto closing of bus coupler takes placed when any one of the 3.3 kV UAT incomers or its 11KV UP steam breaker is made off. i.e., dead bus change over. (Auto closing of breaker is blocked during bus fault). In addition to the above facility, During planned shut down (Forced outage of any Transformer, Cable etc.), unit aux. bus supply can also be changed over to another unit aux. bus section supply after proper synchronization and the changeover of bus can be done without any interruption of power. Upstream breaker of UAT got protection trip if the normal incomer from UT and tie to station board at unit board opens.

415V LT SWGR. (USS and SSS)

In all breaker controlled L.T. switchgear, there are three breakers, namely Incomer-1, Incomer-2 & Bus Coupler. There is provision of auto closing of Bus Coupler when any one of the incomer is made off i.e., dead bus change over. (Auto closing of breaker is blocked during bus fault). In addition to the above facility, During planned shut down (Forced outage of any Transformer, Cable etc.), bus section supply can also be changed over to another bus section supply after proper synchronization and the changeover of bus can be done without any interruption of power. Upstream breaker of UST got protection trip if the normal incomer from UT and tie to station board at unit board opens. Upstream breaker of SST got protection trip if the normal incomer from ST and tie to other station board opens.

UNIT EMERGENCY SWGR.

There are four incomers for UES. (a) From USS sec-1, (b) from USS sec-2, (c) from normal DG, (d) from standby DG-7. Normal supply is fed from unit service swgr. Sec # A. Supply to the emergency bus can also be changed over to UES tie to USS sec-B after proper synchronization and the changeover of bus can be done without any interruption of power. Change over of breakers is blocked during bus fault. UES ties to USS opens automatically if there is no power at its respective USS bus. During power failure, unit DG set and standby DG set takes auto start when there is no-volt at UES and any of the UES tie to USS got tripped. DG Set incomer breakers do not get closed automatically. DG incomer breakers can be closed manually when all other three incomer breakers are open and UES no-volt is there or after proper synchronization

BMCC, TMCC, Comp House + Serv Bldg swgr, CT swgr

There are three breakers, namely Incomer-1, Incomer-2 & Bus Coupler. There is provision of auto closing of Bus Coupler when any one of the incomer or its upstream breaker is made off. (Auto closing of breaker is blocked during bus fault). In addition to the above facility, during planned shut down (Forced outage), bus coupler can also be closed manually after selecting TTS to any one of the incomers. The selected incomer trips in auto and the changeover of bus can be done without any interruption of power. When one incomer and bus coupler is available, another incomer can be closed by selecting TTS to bus coupler. Bus coupler opens in auto after closing of another incomer. Incomers got protection trip if its respective upstream breaker opens. If one incomer and bus coupler is closed and on command is given to another incomer breaker by selecting TTS to bus coupler or first incomer, the second incomer will get protection trip if the trip selected breaker fails to trip and vice versa for second incomer and bus coupler. Bus coupler trips on protection open if both the incomer breaker opens.

DCDB

There are three breakers, namely Incomer-1, Incomer-2 & Bus Coupler.

BATTERY SET I

CHARGER I

CHARGER II

BATTERY SET I

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