Gravimetric Analysis Prelab

General Lab Safety

General Lab Safety

You will not be allowed to perform the lab (and will therefore get a zero) if you do not adhere to the following guidelines: Wear safety goggles Wear closed-toe shoes No bulky, baggy, or loose fitting clothes Remove jewelry, including necklaces and rings No gum, food, or drinks Tie back long hair and roll up sleeves

General Lab Safety

Once you are in the lab doing the experiment, please adhere to the following guidelines: Notify me of any chemical spills, accidents, and broken glassware; do not attempt to do something on your own unless I explicitly instruct you to do so Do not use chipped or cracked glassware To avoid contamination, do not return unused chemicals to a reagent bottle; if you have extra, set aside in a clean beaker Read and reread all of the directions for a laboratory procedure before attempting it Wash your hands with soap and water at the end of the lab

What is Gravimetric Analysis?

A laboratory technique that allows for the determination of the unknown mass of a substance Many ways of doing gravimetric analysis, the method we are doing involves a precipitation reaction (i.e. a reaction that results in the formation of a solid, insoluble precipitate) Once we have the mass of the precipitate, we can use stoichiometry to work backwards and determine the mass of the original substance

What Are We Gravimetrically Analyzing?

All groups will be given a 15 mL sample of copper(II) chloride solution, i.e. CuCl2 (aq) The problem is that the concentration of the sample is unknown to everyone (except me of course) The challenge is for your groups to determine: 1) the concentration of the copper(II) chloride solution 2) the amount of copper(II) ions in your 15 mL sample

General Strategy for Gravimetric Analysis

Step 1: Find a chemical that will react with CuCl2 (aq) >>> Are there other considerations besides reactivity? Step 2: Using a known concentration of that chemical, react it with CuCl2 (aq) to form a precipitate >>> What needs to happen next? Step 3: Separate the precipitate from solution >>> What would be good techniques for separating this mixture?

General Strategy for Gravimetric Analysis

Step 4: Dry then weigh the precipitate >>> Is drying even necessary? Step 5: Use stoichiometry to determine the mass of the desired substance in the original, unknown sample >>> How do we even use stoichiometry with solutions?

Chemicals
Everyone will get 15.0 mL of ??? M CuCl2 (aq) With your assigned lab group, decide which one of the following chemicals you would like to use: 0.500 M NaC2H3O2 0.500 M Na2CrO4 0.500 M Na2SO4 0.500 M Na3PO4 0.500 M KBr 0.500 M KNO3 0.500 M KOH 0.500 M K2CO3

Be prepared to explain why you chose that chemical

Exit Ticket
Do #1-3 on the Prelab with your group right now (it will be checked before you leave today) Do #4 on the Prelab (setting up a data table) for homework

NOTE: If you do not have a completed Prelab handout and formatted data table tomorrow, you will be docked points!

ChemCatalyst 3/14/13
Take out your completed Prelab handout and formatted data table from yesterday for a quick spot-check Write 23 sentences explaining which chemical your group chose yesterday, and why your group chose it. Be prepared to share with the class.

Gravimetric Analysis Prelab

Safety Information about Chemicals

Na2CrO4: KOH Very hazardous to skin, Very hazardous to skin, eyes, and lungs eyes, and lungs Carcinogenic and mutagenic Na3PO4: Very hazardous to skin, eyes, and lungs K2CO3: Irritates, skin, eyes, and lungs

General rule of thumb:

Call for help, and then wash affected area with lots of water

Steps 24: Funnel and Filter Set-up

Steps 78: How Much Chemical to Use?

I did a trial run of all four chemicals, and tried to use the bare minimum of each >>> Why the bare minimum? 0.500 M Na2CrO4 0.500 M Na3PO4 0.500 M KOH 0.500 M K2CO3 1525 mL 1020 mL 30-35 mL 1525 mL

Step 9: Stir then Settle!

Why would you want to stir the precipitate into the solution, especially if you want it to settle in the first place?

Steps 1011: Rinse and Repeat

Use distilled water (dH2O) for rinsing your beaker and funnel All rinses should be poured over your precipitate/filter >>> Why?

I did not do step 11 and got mixed resultsits up to your group if you want to do it (make sure you note whether or not your group chooses to do it) >>> Whats the point of this step anyways?

Solution Stoichiometry
We will be discussing this more in-depth when you start working on the Postlab and formal lab report For now, think about what you ultimately end up with after doing this experiment: 1) balanced chemical equation describing your reaction 2) grams of your precipitate

Exit Ticket
The experiment will go long if youre unprepared, so aim for efficiency and accuracy! Get back into your assigned lab groups, and form an action plan to help make your experiment go smoother Potential ideas to strategize about: Which steps can be done independently? Which steps can be done simultaneously? Who should do which step, and when?