Rahul-Sujit ppt

 The planned dates for performing activities and the planned dates for meeting milestones.

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A project schedule is required to ensure that required project commitments are met. A schedule is required to track progress toward achieving these commitments.

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Primary objectives: Best time Least cost Least risk

Secondary objectives: Evaluation of schedule alternatives Effective use of resources Communications

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Establishing objectives Determining available resources Sequencing activities Identifying precedence relationships Determining activity times & costs Estimating material & worker requirements Determining critical activities

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An unrealistic deadline Changing but unpredicted customer requirements Underestimation of efforts needed Unforeseen technical difficulties Unforeseen human difficulties Miscommunication among project staff Failure to recognize that project is falling behind schedule

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Compartmentalization define distinct tasks Interdependency-parallel and sequential tasks Time allocation - assigned person days, start time, ending time Effort validation - be sure resources are available

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Defined Responsibilities people must be Assigned Defined Outcomes- each task must have an output Defined Milestones - tasks should be associated with a

project milestone.

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40-20-40

FrontEnd Analysis & Design

Coding

Testing & Debugging

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02-03 % planning 10-25 % requirements analysis 20-25 % design 15-20 % coding 30-40 % testing and debugging

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2012
31% 53%

Critical Failures

Challeng ed

Success

16%

Not even completed

2
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Typically 189% over budget 5

8
11

2009 2010 2011 2012

300K 421K

525K
852k

More & more IT projects are starting each year

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Figure 1.1 Triple Constraint of Project Management

(Schwalbe, p8) Rahul-ppt

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Project network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity sequencing A project network diagram is a schematic display of the logical relationships among, or sequencing of, project activities

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Terminology
Activity - A specific task or set of tasks that are required by the project, use up resources, and take time to complete Event - The result of completing one or more activities. An identifiable end state occurring at a particular time. Events use no resources. Network - The combination of all activities and events define the project and the activity precedence relationships
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Terminology
Path - The series of connected activities (or intermediate events) between any two events in a network Critical - Activities, events, or paths which, if delayed, will delay the completion of the project. A projects critical path is understood to mean that sequence of critical activities that connect the projects start event to its finish event

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Late Start Time (LsT)-The latest possible time an activity can begin without delaying the project. Early Start Time (EsT)-The Earliest possible time an activity can start. Slack-The amount of Time a project activity can be delayed without delaying a succeeding activity or the project finish date also called Float Slack = Late Start Time - Early Start Time
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CPM is a project network analysis technique used to predict total project duration. A critical path for a project is the series of activities that determines the earliest time by which the project can be completed.

The critical path is the longest path through the network diagram and has the least amount of slack or float
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First develop a good project network diagram. Add the durations for all activities on each path through the project network diagram. The longest path is the critical path

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Consider the following project network diagram. Assume all times are in days.
C=2
start

4 5

E=1

A=2

B=5

3
D=7 F=2

finish

a. How many paths are on this network diagram?

b. How long is each path?

c. Which is the critical path? d. What is the shortest amount of time needed to complete this project?
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22

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Task T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12

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Run time in workdays 8 15 15 10 19 5 20 25 15 15 7 10

Dependencies (milestone)

T1 (M1) T2, T4 (M2) T1, T2 (M3) T1 (M1) T4 (M5) T3, T6 (M4) T5, T7 (M7) T9 (M6) T11 (M8)
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14/7/13
8 days

15 days

M1
25/7/13

T3

4/8/13

15 days

T1 4/7/13
5 days

M4 M3

T9
25/8/13

Start

15 days

T6
20 days

M6
7 days

T2
25/7/13

T7
10 days

T11
11/8/13 5/9/13

M2 T4
10 days

T5
18/7/13

M7
15 days

M8
10 days

M5

25 days

T10

T12

T8

End
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19/9/13

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14/7/13
8 days

15 days

M1
25/7/13

T3

4/8/13

15 days

T1 4/7/13
5 days

M4 M3

T9
25/8/13

Start

15 days

T6
20 days

M6
7 days

T2
25/7/13

T7
10 days

T11
11/8/13 5/9/13

M2 T4
10 days

T5
18/7/13

M7
15 days

M8
10 days

M5

25 days

T10

T12

T8
= Critical

Path
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End
19/9/13
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4/7 Start

11/7 18/7
T4 T1 T2 M1

25/7

1/8

8/8

15/8

22/8

29/8

5/9

12/9

19/9

26/9

T7

T3
M5 M3 M2 T6 T8

T5
M4 M7

T9 T10
M6 T11 M8 T12

End
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4/7 Start

11/7 18/7
T4

25/7

1/8

8/8

15/8

22/8

29/8

5/9

12/9

19/9

26/9

T1
T2 M1 T7

T3
M5 M3 M2 T6 T8

T5
M4 M7

T9 T10
M6 T11 M8 T12

End

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4/7

11/7 18/7 25/7 1/8

8/8

15/8

22/8

29/8

5/9

12/9

19/9

26/9

Task T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Software Engineer Sujeet Amit Roshan Laxman Sagar Manish Babloo Rohit

Manish

T4 T8 T11 T12

Amit

T1 T3 T9

Nalini

T2 T6

T10

Uday

T7 T5

T9
T10 T11 T12

Noopur
Nalini Anshu Uday
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Roshan

Resources can influence the critical path, e.g. Frank with T8-T11
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PERT is a network analysis technique used to estimate project duration when there is a high degree of uncertainty about the individual activity duration estimates PERT uses probabilistic time estimates based on using optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates of activity durations

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Perform reality checks on schedules Allow for contingencies

Dont plan for everyone to work at 100% capacity all the time Hold progress meetings with stakeholders and be clear and honest in communicating schedule issues
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Microsoft Project It is a pricier option ($599.95 for the Standard version and $999.95 for the Professional version). Microsoft Project is highly integrated, allowing you to track a number of variables and produce Gantt charts as well as network diagrams..
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 ZOHO Projects:

Its a web-based application. You can access your schedule from anywhere. ZOHO Projects can generate Gantt charts, but doesnt offer PERT charts.

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 FastTrack Schedule 9: Available for both Mac and Windows.

FastTrack is easy to update.

FastTrack offers an easy introduction to the software and a gentle learning curve. Its also robust enough for any experienced project manager that wants to put it through its paces.
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 Primavera P6:

P6 is their answer to the project schedule software question.

This software package is flexible and has the ability to handle everything from time sheets to resource management.

It is intended for use by larger organizations, and may not be ideal for managers working with smaller projects.
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The seeds of major software disasters are usually sown in the first three months of commencing the software project. Factors: Hasty scheduling, irrational commitments, unprofessional estimating techniques. carelessness of the project management function.

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