Solving Simultaneous Equations (2)

of techniques Extended use of the substitution method One linear / One quadratic

Review

Algebraic Method : Solving by equating coefficients

Most useful method for ax + by = c form of equations E.g.

3x + 4y = 26 7x - y = 9

Solve simultaneously

(1) 3x + 4y = 26 (2) 7x - y = 9 (3)=(2)x4 (1) (1)+(3) (1)+(3)

Make either coefficient of x or y same size

28x - 4y = 36 3x + 4y = 26 31x -4y + 4y = 62 31x = 62 x = 2

3x + 4y = 26 When x = 2 32 + 4y = 26 6 + 4y = 26 4y = 20 y=5

Algebraic Method : Solving by substitution

Most useful method for y = mx + c graphs

y= 2x + 1 y = -x + 7
They are both equal to y, so:

Solve simultaneously

(where would their graphs cross)

When x = 2

y = 2x + 1 2x + 1 3x + 1 3x x

= = = = =

-x + 7 -x + 7 (+ x) 7 (-1) 6 ( 3) 2

y= 2x + 1 y= 2 2 + 1 y= 5

Algebraic Method : Solving by substitution extended

Most useful method for one y = mx + c and one ax + by = c

y= 2x + 1 3x + 2y = 9

Solve simultaneously by substitution method

y=

Wayne gets very angry and must be substituted

So, Steve brings on reliable Owen Hargreaves

= 2x + 1

Algebraic Method : Solving by substitution extended

3x + 2 = 9
= 2x + 1
Owen on Wayne off

3x + 2 (2x + 1)= 9
. which has probably over-done the football analogy a bit

Algebraic Method : Solving by substitution extended

Without football Solve simultaneously by y= 2x + 1 substitution method 3x + 2y = 9

3x + 2y = 9
Since, y= 2x + 1

When, x = 1
Put into, y= 2x + 1

3x + 2(2x + 1) = 9 3x + 4x + 2 = 9 7x + 2 = 9 7x = 7 x=1

y= 2 x 1 + 1
y= 2 + 1 y= 3

Simultaneous Equations and Intersections

Example 2 Eliminate y:

y x 2 3 (1) y 4 x 1 (2)

x 2 3 4 x 1 x2 4x 4 0

2 Solving x 4 x 4 0

( x 2)( x 2) 0
x 2 (twice)

y x2 3
y 4 x 1

x 2 y 7
The line is a tangent to the curve.

Algebraic Method : Solving by substitution extended

Is the best method when one equation is a quadratic Solve simultaneously by y= 2x + 1 y = 2x2 + 3x +1 substitution method

Since, y= 2x + 1

x(2x + 1) = 0
Either

y= 2x + 1 = + 3x +1 2x + 1 = 2x2 + 3x +1
1 = 2x2 + x +1 0 = 2x2 + x 2x2 + x = 0 x(2x + 1) = 0

2x2

(0,1) x=0 y= 2x + 1 = 0 + 1 =1

or

2x + 1 = 0 (-1/2,0) 2x = -1 x = -1/2 y= 2x + 1 = 2(-1/2) + 1 = -1 + 1 = 0

Solving Linear + quadratic Equations Graphically

2

1.5

y=2x^2 + 3x + 1 y=2x+1

(0,1)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

0.5

0 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 -0.5

-1

(-1/2,0)

-1.5

-2

Have a go at this one : Solving by substitution extended

y= 3x - 1 y = x2 + 2x - 3 Since, y= 3x - 1
Solve simultaneously by substitution method

(x-2)(x + 1) = 0
Either
x-2=0 x=2 y= 3x - 1 = 3x2 - 1 = 5

y= 3x - 1 = + 2x - 3 3x - 1 = x2 + 2x - 3
-1 = x2 - x - 3 0 = x2 - x -2 x2 - x - 2= 0 (x-2)(x + 1) = 0

x2

(2,5)

or

x+1=0 (-1,-4) x = -1 y= 3x - 1 = 3(-1) - 1 = -3 - 1 = -4