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Tribal State
Existed near rivers of Nile, Euphrates and Tigris in ancient Iraq The tribal kingdoms appeared in 5000BC Belonged to Mesopotamian Civilization, Indus valley civilization, Egyptian civilization and Confucius civilization King or tribal chief had to be a skilled soldier and was bound to follow the council of elders
Oriental Empire
The growth of politics and economy(economic system)resulted in transformation from tribal to oriental empire- Nile, Tigris, Indus, yangtse. Rule of despotic Kings- total submission of the people- Pay Tax to the king- No Liberty Weak Political structures- Unstable form of State Didnt transformed into Institutions Kept a large region & Primitive man in order and discipline for considerable time period
Idea of State
Political Animal- signifies two aspects Natural growth or evolution Organic Theory- State is like and individual- As his body works with performance of different organs Similarly state consists of different organs Aristotle first time characterized different organs of the Govt in a State i.e Executive, Legislature and Judiciary
Conti
Family is the starting point of human civilization and State is the Last Progress from family to state is evolutionary, natural and needed for human progress- it isnt imposed An individual out of the state is nothing Collectivism Should be balanced. Individual rights should be recognized in a State
Classifications in a State
Rule of one- Pure Form ( Monarchy) Corrupt Form Tyranny Rule of Few- Aristocracy- Oligarchy Rule of Many- Polity- democracy Philosopher King
Features
Nature of Govt-absolute power Government and State both are ONE individual to obey both(Collectively and Separately) Freedom-Given up by the individual- level of freedom, liberty rights would be decided by the Ruler Sovereignty-Ruler is sovereign, his words are laws, he exercise absolute power
Caliphate
Concept of Imam Representative of Allah Appointment by Majority( Qualified) or Nominated by Predecessor Imam should by male, adult, fit, scholarly, practicing Muslim, foresighted, brave, man of justice, character, charismatic, neutral Concept of Wazarat
Wazarat
Political Executive to assist the Sultan Two types -Wazarat e Tafweez Have same powers as Imam but imam is superior in three ways Imam can depose the Caliph, appoint his successor and cancel appointee of Wazire Tafweez -Wazarat e Tanfeez He has to implement the orders of Imam With his removal his team of Ministers will resign
QAZA
Office of Qazi Who can test all the officials of the state Office of DIWAN -department of defence -Provincial Boundaries -Treasury SIPA SALAR
Ibne Khaldun
Studied history of human civilization in a scientific way Famous for Tahreeke Ibnekahldun Gave theory of Asabiya-social cohesion(nationalism)- natural human tendency-love for blood relatives-for related entities This concept lead to the idea of sovereignty, which characterized the entity of State
Asabiya
Asabiya is source of honor and dignity which translates into social cohesion-powerful state Asabiya is related to the concept of nationalism Stages of State development State came into being on the basis of three orientations -solidarity -religious force -satisfaction of natural desires
Three stages
Growth Maturity Decline 40 years for each stage-so a states cycle is 120 years 5 steps First-formative phase-developmental stageleaders work hard
stages
Second-absolute kingship-voluntary army change into paid army-bureaucracy formed Third-leader decorate cities, luxury and leisure starts-enhances political authority, specific laws are made Fourth-feeling of comfort dominates people and leaders are carless and ignore struggle Fifth-moral degradation, weak difference, Decline
Shah wali-ullah
Four stages of development Social life State (Madina) Government (shura) Politics