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Granil & Baldivicio

Decision to go to Spain

After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, Rizal decided to go to study in Spain. His elder brother readily approved his going to Spain and so did his two sisters Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia. Rizal, however, did not seek his parents permission and blessings to go abroad, because he knew that they, especially his mother, would disapprove it.

Secret Mission
1. 2. 3. 4.

To observe keenly the following: life and culture languages and customs industries and commerce governments and laws of the European nations.

Departure for Spain

Rizals departure was kept secret to avoid detection by the Spanish authorities and the friars The kind Jesuit priests gave him letters of recommendations to members of their Society in Barcelona. Rizal departed on May 3, 1882 boarded the Salvadora with the following route: Manila Singapore Colombo through the Suez Canal Naples and Marseiles Barcelona.

Departure for Spain

Only Uncle Antonio Rivera, Paciano, and his sisters, and some close friends knew of his departure. Paciano gave him P700, Saturnina gave him a diamond ring An allowance of P35 per month was promised by Paciano through Uncle Antonio Rizal used a passport named Jose Mercado

Singapore

During his voyage he observed the people and things around him and compared them with those in the Philippines. He was the only Filipino on board. Rizal saw Singapore and was impressed by its progress and beautiful sights He admired the confidence of the natives of Singapore with their government Rizal stayed at Hotel de Paz for his two day stop over at singapore. He transferd to Djemnah, a French steamer bound to Europe

First trip to Suez Canal

Djemnah was larger and cleaner than the Salvadora He tried to speak french After a week he reached Point de Galle, that afternoon they sailed and docked at Colombo Ceylon The steamer crossed the Indian Ocean to Cafe Guardafui in Africa. The trip was difficult because of a stormy weather. Rizal was sea sick On June 2 he arrived at the terminal of Suez Canal, enjoyed and was thrilled by the historic waterway

Naples and Marseilles

Djemnah proceeded to Europe. June 11, Rizal reached Naples. This Italian City pleased him because of its business activity, its lively people, and its panoramic beauty Night of June 12, the steamer docked at the French harbor of Marsielles He visited the Chateau dIf, where Dantes, the hero in The Count of Monte Cristo was imprisoned. He stayed three days in Marseilles, enjoying

Barcelona

At Marseilles, Rizal took the train to Barcelona Rizal reached his destination Barcelona on June 16, 1882. Rizal found Barcelona to be a great city. With an atmoshpere of freedom and liberalism, and its people were open-hearted, hospitable and courageous. The Filipinos in Barcelona, some of whom were his schoolmates in Ateneo, welcomed Rizal. They threw a party for Rizal at their favorite caf in Plaza de Cataluna.

Amor Patrio

In Barcelona, Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay entitled Amor Patrio (Love of Country). He wrote this essay on the request of his friend, Basilio Teodoro Moran, publisher of the first bilingual newspaper in Manila, the Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882. (Spanish and Tagalog) He wrote this essay using the pen name Laong Laan. The essay caused quite a stir among the readers in the Philippines.

Los Viajes and Revisita de Madrid

The Editor of Diarong Tagalog, Francisco Calvo, conratulated Rizal for the article and requested him for more article. In response to his request, he wrote his second article Los Viajes (Travels) His third ariticle was Revisita de Madrid (Review of Madrid). Unfortunately, it was returned to him because the Diarong Tagalog had ceased publication.

Rizal Moves to Madrid

Rizal received a sad news about the cholera that was ravaging Manila and the provinces. On a letter he received from Paciano dated September 15, 1882, the Calamba folks were having afternoon novenas and nocturnal procession, praying to God to stop the dreadful epidemic Another sad news he received was from Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio) telling how Leonor Rivera was getting thinner because of the absence of a love one

Madrid

Upon Pacianos advise, Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882 and established himself in Madrid, the capital of Spain. At Madrid he enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid) on November 3, 1882 There he took two courses: Medicine and Philosophy and Letters. Aside from his studies, Rizal also took painting and sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Carlos

Madrid

Rizal also took private lessons in French, German, and English; Rizal led a Spartan life in Madrid. He lived frugally, spending his money only on food, clothing, lodging, and books. His only vice was taking part in the Madrid Lottery. He spends his leisure time reading and writing at his boarding house, attending reunions with fellow Filipino students and practicing fencing and shooting.

Madrid

Amongst Rizals collection of books are: Bible Hebrew Grammar Lives of the Presidents of the U.S. Complete Works of Voltaire Complete Works of Horace Complete Works of C. Bernard History of the French Revolution The Wandering Jew Ancient Poetry

Madrid
Works of Thucydides The Byzantine Empire The Characters by La Bruyere The Renaissance Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe Works of Alexander Dumas Louis XIV and His Court

Consuelo Ortiga y Perez

During Rizals stay in Madrid, he would frequently visit the home of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey who lived with his son Rafael and daughter Consuelo. Don Pablo was a former city mayor of Manila during the administration of the liberal governor general Carlos Ma. De la Torre. Rizal was attracted by Consuelos beauty and vivacity. As he made a poem entitled A La Senorita C.O. y P. to express his admiration for her.

Consuelo Ortiga y Perez

Rizal, however, backed out from his romance with Consuelo because (1) he was still engaged with Leonor Rivera and (2) his friend and co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, Eduardo de Lete was madly in love with Consuelo.

Circulo Hispano-Filipino

Shortly after arriving in Madrid in 1882, Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a society of liberal Spaniards and Filipinos. As a member of this society Rizal wrote a poem entitled Me Piden Versos (They ask me for Verses)

Masonry

Freemasonry or the Masons, were a secret society composed of liberal and republican Spaniards in Spain. Amongst them were prominent and intellectual Spaniards. The Spanish Masons openly and freely criticized the government policies and particularly lambasted the friars. In March 1883, Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid. His Masonic name was Dimasalang Later he transferred to Lodge Solidaridad where he became a Master Mason.

Masonry

Rizal joined Freemasonry to secure their aid in the fight against the Friars in the Philippines. Amongst the prominent members of the Masons, included, Miguel Morayta, statesman and professor; Francisco Pi y Margal, journalist and former President of the short-lived First Spanish Republic; Manuel Becerra, Minister of Ultramar; Emilio Junoy, journalist and member of the Spanish Cortes; and Juan Zorilla, parliamentarian and head of the Republican Progressive Party.

Masonry

Two reasons why he became a Mason: The bad friars in the Philippines unworthy of their priestly habit or calling He needed the help of the Masons to fight the bad friars in the Philippines. (it was a shield to use in his fight against the evil forces of tyranny)

Financial Worries

Because of drought and locust the harvest of rice and sugarcane failed in Calamba. The manager of the Dominican-owned hacienda increased the rentals of the lands cultivated by the Rizal family Due to this the monthly allowances of Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival and there were times when they never arrived.

Financial Worries

On June 24, 1884 because Rizal was broke, he was unable to eat his meals for the day. He attended his class in the university with an empty stomach. Rizal even participated in a Greek language contest and won the gold medal. Fortunately, in the evening, Rizal was the guest speaker at banquet held in honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo, where Rizal was able to eat dinner.

Juan Luna, with his Spoliarium won the first prize.

Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo won the second prize with his Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace.

Salute to Luna and Hidalgo

Rizal in his speech, saluted Luna and Hidalgo as two glories for Spain and the Philippines, whose artistic achievements transcended geographical frontiers and racial origins. In Rizals speech, he said genius is universal. Genius knows no country, genius sprouts everwhere, genius is like light, air, the patrimony of everybody, cosmopolitan like space, like life, like God.

Student Demonstrations

Rizal Involved in the Student Demonstration

Freedom of Science and Teacher Don Miguel Morayta Professor of History such liberal view was condemned by the Catholic Bishops and promptly excommunicated Dr. Morayta and those who applauded the speech. - Recounting the tumultuous rioting to his family in an open letter dated November 26, 1884

Student Demonstrations

Bloody fights raged in the university buildings and in the city streets. The students armed with clubs, stones, and fists, fought the government forces. Fortunately, Rizal and other Filipinos did not received even a cane blow, nor taken prisoner, nor arrested.

Completion of Studies

Studies Completed in Spain

-

Was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the University on June 21, 1884 The next academic year studied and passed all the subjects leading to the degree of the Doctor of Medicine however: 1. That he did not present the thesis required for graduation 2. Paid the corresponding fees - he was not awarded the Doctors Diploma Also finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters with the rating of Excellent HE did not bother to secure post graduate degree I