University College Of Engineering Rajasthan Technical University

SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON ELECRIC TRACTION Submitted By:- yogesh 09/066 Final Year

Submitted To:Shri S.C. Mittal Sir Associate Professor (Electrical Engineering)

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
AC LOCOMOTIVE CONTROL WIRES

CURRENT COLLECTOR
TRACTION MOTORS POWER SUPPLY ARRANGEMENT

INTRODUCTION
The action of drawing or pulling trains over a track

using electric power called electric traction.

The traction system may be direct current system or ac

system.

Trolley Wires
The trolley wire or contact wire must be suspended

with the minimum sag so that it remains horizontal.

So that the contact between the wire and current

collector may be maintained at high speed.

This is achieved when the trolley wire is supported by

the catenary wire.

Catenary wire may be single Catenary or suspended

Catenary construction

A steel wire with seven or more strands supported the trolley wire with the help of droppers.

 The span of catenary wire 45 to 90 meters with a sag of

1 to 2 meters from straight track.

The distance between droppers is 3 to 5 meters. Such construction provides for speed upto 120 kmph .

CURRENT COLLECTOR
The current in the overhead system is collected with

the help of sliding contact collector mounted on the roof of the vehicle. The main requirement of current collector is that it should keep continuous contact with trolley wire at all speed. There are three types of current collector : Trolley collector Bow collector Pantograph collector

TRACTION MOTOR
The following types of motor are used in traction

system.
DC series motor Single phase AC series motor Three phase Induction motor

Desirable characteristics of Traction motor

The main requirement of electric motor used for

traction work 1 Electric characteristics: High starting torque Simple speed control Possibility of electric braking Overload capacity

Mechanical features
Robustness and ability to withstand vibration
The weight of the motor should be minimum in order

to increase the payload capacity of the vehicle

The motor should be totally enclosed type to provide

protection against dirt, dust and water.

Suitability of DC series motor for traction

DC series motor develops high torque at low speed.
In case of dc series motor, the torque developed is

proportional to the square of the current.

Therefore dc series motor required less increase power

input with the increases in load torque.

 Dc series motor is simple and robust in construction It is most suitable for urban and suburban areas where

high rate of acceleration is required.

DRAWBACK
The main drawback of dc series motor are

commutation which restrict speed, current and voltage since there is a risk of flashover.

Suitability of single phase ac series motor for traction

For a given KW rating ac series motor is 1.5 to 2 times

in size and weight of dc series motor. The construction cost of the ac series is more than dc series motor. The starting torque of ac series motor is lower than the dc series motor due to poor power factor at start. Ac series motor is not suitable for urban and suburban services ,it require high acceleration . However it is extensively used in main line services.

 The speed of ac series motor controlled by efficiently

by taps on a transformer. Which is not possible in case of a dc series motor . The maximum operating voltage is limited by 400 volts. Single phase ac series motor has better performance on reduced supply frequency say 25 Hz. The higher frequency results in higher leakage reactance and hence relatively poor power factor.

Suitability of three phase induction motor for traction

It has a simple and robust construction.
Trouble free operation. Less maintenance.

Automatic regeneration are the main advantage of

three phase induction motor. But due to there flat speed torque characteristics , constant speed operation, developing high starting torque, drawing high starting current they are not suitable for traction work.

Power supply arrangement

Indian railways have decided to adopted 25 kv,50Hz

power supply Power is purchases from supply authorities who are responsible for the operation and maintenance of 132/110 kv transmission lines and grid substations upto 25 kv outgoing terminals of substation. All the 132 and 25 kv equipment of substation is owned, installed , operated and maintenance by the supply authorities.

However 25 kv circuit breaker are owned, installed , operated and maintenance by the railway authorities. But supply authorities will give only voltage supply of 132/110 kv at the substation.

THANK YOU