ADI PARASAKTHI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
FREE HAND SKETCHING
PRESENTED BY

DEPARTMENT OF D.e.c.e .
1

TYPES OF LINE
No. 1) Line type Construction line projector Illustration Thickness 0.1 to 0.2 mm Very light 2) Leader line 0.2 to 0.3 mm Extension line Section line Visible 0.4 to 0.5 mm Object line It is used for showing visible details of the object Dimension Line
THICKNESS NOT MORE THEN 1MM.

Medium dark

3)

Dark

4)

0.2 to 0.3 mm

Medium dark

LENGTH 3 TO 4 mm.

Special care should be taken to draw arrow heads. It should be as dark as the dimension line. Draw two lines of the arrow heads so close that their is no need to fill it with the pencil. generally arrow heads becomes darker due to filling it with the pencil. 5) Center line, Axis 0.1 to 0.2 mm The line of Symmetry It is usually extended beyond the out line of the object Dotted Line or Hidden line 0.4 to 0.5 mm Medium darkt

6)

Dark

TIPS FOR LINE CONNECTION

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

STEP-BY-STEP Animated Slide Show Presentation For

THEORY OF PROJECTION
DEPARTMENT OF ECE-- APPTC

THEORY OF PROJECTION
Projector

with light

F I L M

Light rays

Pit sc

cu

re

ree n

Picture

Plane

Fig. 1 DISPLAY OF FILM

Li gh t ra ys

Picture plane of projection

FR O

Source of Light
NT VIE W L

Object
Fig. 2

H Source of Light at infinity H

Fig. 3

4 QUADRANT THEORY
FOUR QUADRANTS
P. . V P/ R F

TOP DIRECTION

I
Y

II III X IV
H . P . /H P R F DIR RON EC T TIO N

TOP DIRECTION

1st ANGLE
Projection

. P . V

1st QUADRANT
Y . P . H X F DIR RON EC T TIO N

1st ANGLE PROJECTION

IC RT A R LO FR ON LA TP NE RI R.P GH .P. TP RO FIL
X1

EP LA NE
F.V. L.H.S.V.

VE . V.P

. F.V L.H
X Y1

.S.

V.
T.V.

H.P T.V . ZO RI N NE A L LP A T

ARRAY OF VIEWS IN 1 ST ANGLE

HO

OBSERVER

Multiview Orthographic Projection

First angle

Second angle

Third angle

Fourth angle

First angle orthographic projections : Refer figure Below: 1) The object is above H.P. and in front of V.P. 2) The plane of projection is behind the object. 3) The common line between H.P. and V.P. is known as X Y line. 4) The common line between V.P. and PP is known as X1 Y1 line. 5) All the planes are opaque and hinged to vertical plane as shown in the fig. TOP 6) Front view shows Length and Height of the object. DIRECTION 7) Top view shows Length and Width of the object. 8) Side view shows Height and Width of the object.
V.P .

1st QUADRANT

S.V.

F.V.
X

Y . H.P

T.V.

F DIR RON EC T TIO N

STEP-BY-STEP Animated Slide Show Presentation For

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
From

PICTORIAL VIEW
DEPARTMENT OF ECE-- APPTC

10

O GIVEN: PICTORIAL VIEW

DRAW: FRONT VIEW, TOP VIEW, AND LEFT SIDE VIEW IN 1st ANGLE PROJ.

OBSERVER

11

t1L

t1R

s1

f2

t2

s2

f1

1st ANGLE PROJ.

f2
OBSERVER

f1

s1

s2

Now Draw the Hidden Front, Accordingly Side and Draw Top Second Faces Follow thedrawing same method of Lets start First Fix Upper Left Corner to Mark Max. Height & Width Edges inFront Front View & are Level tagged of toDevelop get Face clear f2 as projection to the Level of Front Face f1 with begin with Ortho graphic L.S.V. Refereeing the Top View & Left Side view. for F. V. and project the idea shown of faces Bottom most line at origin layout of views i.e. Dotted line Diagram same through 45Line for O. F.V.,T.V.,& L.S.V. getting T. V. & L. S. V. GIVEN: PICTORIAL VIEW
DRAW: FRONT VIEW, TOP VIEW, & LEFT SIDE VIEW

F.V. t1L t2 t1R T.V.

45

L.S.V.

12