JSP: Java Server Pages: Based On A Presentation by Richard Cannings and Vicky Tsang

JSP: Java Server Pages
Based on a presentation by Richard Cannings and Vicky Tsang

http://cannings.org/cpsc547
Also including slides from presentations by James D. Davidson for Sun Microsystems
http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/presentations/
24/05/2013
Presentation Purpose
The purpose of this presentation is:

To introduce JSP, To identify JSPs unique utility in dynamic web pages, To learn how to write JSP pages through examples.
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Assumptions
We assume you have introductory or peripheral knowledge of:

HTTP/1.0 (e.g. GET and POST) HTML 4.0 (e.g. simple tags) Java 1.1.x (syntax and structure)
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Topics
What is JSP? A Simple Hello, World. A Crash Course in JavaBeans More on Syntax. Internal JSP Architecture Overview of Servlets
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What is JSP?
http://java.sun.com/products/jsp, A way to create dynamic web pages, Server side processing, Based on Java Technology,
Large library base Platform independence
Separates the graphical design from the dynamic content.

5
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First Look at JSP Code

<html> <body> <b>Im HTML code.</b><br> <% out.println(Im Java code.) %> </body> </html>
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HelloWorld
<html> <head> <%-- JSP Declarations --%> <%! String world; %>  <% world = World; %> <title>Hello <%= world %></title> </head> <body> Hello, <%= world %>. </body> </html> Run Example: http://antares.math.tau.ac.il:6789/examples/jsp/HelloW orld.jsp
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JSP Syntax Comments
Two Types of Comments:
HTML Comments
For
HTML tags JSP tags
JSP Comments
For
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JSP Syntax
HTML Comment
Comment can be viewed in the HTML source file

 Example:



View source:  
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JSP Syntax
Hidden Comment
Comment cannot be viewed in the HTML source file

<% -- expression -- %> Example:
<html> <body> <h2>A Test of Comments</h2> <%--This comment will be invisible in page source --%> </body>
</html>
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JSP Syntax
Declaration
Declares a variable or method

<% ! declaration; %> Example:
<body> <%! String name; %> <% name = request.getParameter(name); if ( name == null ) name = World; %> <h1>Hello, <%= name %>. </h1> </body>
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JSP Syntax
Expression
Contains an expression
<% = expression %> Example:

<p>The map file has <%= map.size() %> entries. </p> <p> Good guess, but nope. Try <b> <% = numguess.getHint() %> </b></p>
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12
JSP Syntax
Scriptlet
Contains a code fragment

<% code fragment %> Example:
<% String name = null; if (request.getParameter(name) == null ) { %> Hello, World <% } else { println.out(Hello, + name); } %>
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JSP Syntax
Include Directive
Includes a static file

<%@ include file=relativeURL %> Example:
main.jsp: <html><body> Current date and time is: <%@include file=date.jsp %> </body></html> date.jsp: <%@page import =java.util.* %> <% =(new java.util.Date()).toLocaleString() %> Output : Current date and time is: Mar 5, 2000 4:56:50
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JSP Syntax
Page Directive
Defines attributes that apply to an entire page

<%@ page [ language=java ] [ extends=package.class ] [ import=package.class ] [ contentType=mimeType ] [ errorPage=relativeURL ] %>
Example:
<%@ page extends=myClass import=java.util.* contentType=text/html errorPage=error.jsp %>
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15
JSP Syntax
<jsp:forward>
Forwards request to another file (HTML, JSP, or Servlet) for processing

<jsp:forward page =relativeURL %>
Example:
<jsp:forward page=scripts/login.jsp /> or <jsp:forward page=scripts/login.jsp > <jsp:param name=username value=jsmith/> </jsp:forward>
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JSP Syntax
<jsp:include>
Includes a static or dynamic file

<jsp:include page =relativeURL %> Example:
<jsp:include page=scripts/login.jsp /> <jsp:include page=copyright.html />
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JavaBeans Interlude
http://java.sun.com/beans A component architecture for Java. Useful in JSP for encapsulating application logic and transferring data between pages. Beans are simply Java classes.
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JavaBeans for programmers

Beans must: Implement java.io.Serializable Have a constructor with no arguments Properties (a.k.a. alterable variables) must: Must have a get and set Must be private
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JavaBeans example
package mybeans; import java.io.Serializable;
public class NameBean implements Serializable { private String name; public NameBean() { super(); name = new String("World"); } public void setName( String name ) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } }
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JSP Syntax
<jsp:useBean>
Locates or instantiates a JavaBeans components.

<jsp:useBean id=beanInstanceName scope=page| request | session | application class=package.class />
Example: <jsp:useBean id=calendarscope=page class=employee.Calendar/>
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JSP Syntax

<jsp:setProperty>
Sets the value of one or more properties in a Bean, using the Beans setter methods. Declare the Bean with <jsp:useBean> first
<jsp:setProperty name=beanInstanceName property=propertyName value=string />
Example: <jsp:useBean id=calendarscope=page class=employee.Calendar/> <jsp:setProperty name=calendar property=username value=Steve/>
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22
JSP Syntax

<jsp:setProperty>
Setting the property attribute to the magic value * will automatically set properties according to the request parameters. You can also use the attribute param to set a specific parameter from the request value. Example:
<jsp:useBean id=calendar scope=session class=employee.Calendar/> <jsp:setProperty name=calendar property=username param=user/>
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JSP Syntax

<jsp:getProperty>
Gets a Bean property value, using the Beans getter methods. Declare the Bean with <jsp:useBean> first
<jsp:getProperty name=beanInstanceName property=propertyName />
Example: <jsp:useBean id=calendarscope=page class=employee.Calendar/> <H1>Calendar of <jsp:getProperty name=calendar property=username/> </H1>
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HelloWorld with Beans

<html> <head> <%-- START -- Included for nameBean calls --%> <%@ page import="mybeans.NameBean" %> <jsp:useBean id="nameBean" scope="request" class=mybeans.NameBean" /> <jsp:setProperty name="nameBean" property="*" /> <%-- END -- Included for nameBean calls --%> <title>Hello World with JavaBeans</title> </head> <body> Hello, <%= nameBean.getName() %>. </body> </html>
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HelloWorld execution
http://antares.math.tau.ac.il:6789/examples /jsp/HelloWorldBean.jsp http://antares.math.tau.ac.il:6789/examples /jsp/HelloWorldBean.jsp?name=Big+Wi de+World
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Web Application
JSP Web applications have a standard layout WEB-INF/web.xml: Deployment descriptor WEB-INF/classes: Local classpath
Beans are put here
WEB-INF/lib: Local .jar files
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27
How the JSP Engine Works: Overview
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28
How the JSP Engine Works: Internals
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29
What are Servlets?
Java objects which extend a HTTP server A Java Programming Language replacement for CGI, NSAPI, ISAPI, etc. A Java Platform Standard Extension Available and running on all major web servers
30
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Servlets in a URL Namespace
Servlets can hook into any part of a Webservers namespace A Servlet can hook into a single file A Servlet can hook into a directory tree A Servlet can hook into an entire servers namespace
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Servlets in the Server

Servlet Engine
GET /index.html
HelloServlet
GET /index.html
MapServlet
GET /map.html
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A Basic Servlet
public class ExampleServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { out.setContentType(text/html); PrintWriter out = request.getWriter(); out.println(Hello NYC!<BR>); Date rightNow = new Date(); out.println(The time is: + rightNow); } 33 }
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Servlet Basics
Servlets have a well defined Lifecycle. Servlets load on demand and can be unloaded by the server at any time. Multiple threads of execution can run through a Servlet unless otherwise specified.
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Servlet Lifecycle
init method called exactly once upon load service method called 0-multiple times destroy method is called when Servlet is unloaded from host server
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35
Anatomy of a Servlet Request
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When a request is resolved to a servlet a Request and Response object are created and handed to the Servlet.service method. The Request Object contains all the information coming from the client. The Response Object encapsulates communication back the the client. 36
Servlet Request Illustration

Server
Request
Servlet
Response
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The Request Object
Access to request headers Access to an InputStream containing data from the client Access to CGI Like information Access to query parameters (form data) Access to server specific parameters such as SSL Cipher Suite
38
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Frequently Used Request Methods

javax.servlet.ServletRequest { Enumeration getParameterNames(); String getParameter(String parameterName); String getRemoteAddr(); }
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest { String getRequestURI(); Enumeration getHeaderNames(); String getHeader(String headerName); HttpSession getSessiOn(); Cookie[] getCookies(); }
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The Response Object
Access to response headers such as Content-Type, CharacterEncoding, etc. Access to an OutputStream for returning data to the client Access to setting cookies Convenience methods for sending errors, redirects, etc.
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Response Methods
javax.servlet.ServletResponse { PrintWriter getWriter(); ServletOutputStream getOutputStream(); void setContentType(String type); void setContentLength(int length); } javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse { void addCookie(Cookie cookie); void setStatus(int statusCode); void sendError(int statusCode); void sendRedirect(String url); }
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JSP versus Servlets
But JSP pages are converted to Servlets? Arent they the same? Similarities
Provide identical results to the end user JSP is an additional module to the Servlet Engine
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42
JSP versus Servlets (contd)
Differences
Servlets: HTML in Java code
HTML code inaccessible to Graphics Designer Everything very accessible to Programmer HTML code very accessible to Graphics Designer Java code very accessible to Programmer
JSP: Java Code Scriptlets in HTML
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Conclusion
Robust server side dynamic web page generator. Easy to Implement
Implemented on a variety of reliable servers and platforms Based on the Java language
Easy to Manage
Separates graphical design requirements and programming requirements.
Free
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References
Suns JSP Page:
http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/
Suns JSP Tutorial:
http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/docs.html
Servlet API:
http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/2.2/javadoc/
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JSP: Java Server Pages: Based On A Presentation by Richard Cannings and Vicky Tsang

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JSP: Java Server Pages: Based On A Presentation by Richard Cannings and Vicky Tsang

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JSP: Java Server Pages

Based on a presentation by Richard Cannings and Vicky Tsang

The purpose of this presentation is:

We assume you have introductory or peripheral knowledge of:

Separates the graphical design from the dynamic content.

First Look at JSP Code

JSP Syntax Comments

Two Types of Comments:

HTML tags JSP tags

Comment can be viewed in the HTML source file

Comment cannot be viewed in the HTML source file

Declares a variable or method

Contains a code fragment

Includes a static file

Defines attributes that apply to an entire page

Forwards request to another file (HTML, JSP, or Servlet) for processing

Includes a static or dynamic file

JavaBeans for programmers

Locates or instantiates a JavaBeans components.

HelloWorld with Beans

Beans are put here

WEB-INF/lib: Local .jar files

How the JSP Engine Works: Overview

How the JSP Engine Works: Internals

What are Servlets?

Servlets in a URL Namespace

Servlets in the Server

Anatomy of a Servlet Request

Servlet Request Illustration

The Request Object

Frequently Used Request Methods

The Response Object

JSP versus Servlets

JSP versus Servlets (contd)

Servlets: HTML in Java code

JSP: Java Code Scriptlets in HTML

Robust server side dynamic web page generator. Easy to Implement

Separates graphical design requirements and programming requirements.

Suns JSP Page:

Suns JSP Tutorial:

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