Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
(CAA)
One of these days when the mischief is fully done, when our once pellucid and crystalline atmosphere is transformed into Chicago reek, and Pittsburgh smoke and London fog, men will begin to realize what they have lost, and will hold conventions, and pass resolutions, and enact laws, and spend great sums of money for the undoing of the mischief and the restoration of our atmosphere to its original state. Editorial, New York Tribune, May 11, 1899
CAA Pollutants
Three kinds of pollutants under the CAA:
criteria hazardous other regulated pollutants
Criteria Pollutants
Defined as
come from numerous, diverse sources endanger public health and welfare (this is the same for all regulated pollutants)
lead (Pb)
major source: leaded gasoline; one major success story in the U.S.
ozone
ozone secondary pollutant; hydrocarbons + VOCs + sunlight; aggravators
ACID RAIN Thirty years ago, scientists and fishermen began noticing an alarming decline in animal and plant life in lakes and forests throughout the eastern United States. A National Academy of Sciences report pinpointed the source of the problem: sulfur dioxide emissions, mostly from coal-fired power plants. SO2 was causing rain and snow to turn acidic, and that acid rain was killing aquatic life and damaging forests. Source: EDF, Acid rain: The power of markets to help the planet
NAAQS Program
Criteria Pollutants:
Defined as
coming from numerous, diverse sources endanger public health and welfare (this is the same for all regulated pollutants) (or ones for which EPA already developed criteria pursuant to CAA of 1963)
To Meet NAAQS:
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for Stationary Sources Motor Vehicles Emissions Standards
Stationary v. Mobile
Stationary Sources
SIPs (State Implementation Plans) - prescriptions for how each state would regulate its stationary sources - STATE BUT: major new pollution sources New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) require stationary sources to employ Best Available Technology (BAT) - FEDERAL
Mobile Sources
Single national standard for motor vehicle emissions (exception: California)
NAAQS Compliance
Originally, states were supposed to achieve compliance with the NAAQS within three years of the approval by EPA of their SIP. 1977 only reasonable further progress required; existing sources required to employ Reasonable Available Control Technologies (RACT); major new sources required to achieve Lowest Achievable Emissions Rate (LAER) and to offset their new pollution through reductions at other facilities in the area