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Objective
St 1.a Students know the definition of Biofuels and understand how they are used. St 1.b Students will be able to identify two raw materials of biofuels. St 2.a Students know the Pros and Cons of Biofuels.
In the early 20th century, it was discovered by Henry Ford that cars can run off of peanut oil. Biofuels are similar to fossil fuels like gas except that biofuels are created from plants grown today. Biofuels comes from animal fat, vegetables oil, and plants.This energy source is derived from organic matter. There are two processes for making ethanol: wet milling and dry milling Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called transesterification, whereby the glycerin is separated from the fat or vegetable oil
First generation biofuels are made largely from edible sugars and starches. Second generation biofuels are made from inedible plant materials. Third generation biofuels are made from algae and other microbes.
Raw Materials
Ethanol
corn cane maize switchgrass cellulosic gasification Produces less carbon
Biodiesel
Palm(Common in Europe) Soybeans(most commonly used in the US) Rapeseed(Common in Europe) Jatropha Gasification Algae
Biochemical conversion- Process where enzymes are used to convert biomass by breaking it down to sugars. Yeast and bacteria ferment the sugars into ethanol. Thermochemical conversion- Process where heat and catalysts breakdown biomass. Then the biomass is heated to produce a gas composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
Economics
Biofuels are easily made on U.S. soil so we don't depend on foreign exports. Ethanol is relatively inexpensive to process. Most of the cost of producing biofuels has to be made back up with the sale price.
Environmental Impact
Cars create a lot of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Biodiesel burns cleaner than diesel, producing less particulate and fewer sulfur compounds. Overall, biodiesels burn 88-90% cleaner when burning. The process of growing the plants and processing them into fuel takes a lot of energy. Ethanol produces more ozone than gasoline and contributes to smog.
Work Cited
"Biodiesel Economics - Costs, Tax Credits and Co-product - Agricultural Marketing Resource Center." Biodiesel Economics - Costs, Tax Credits and Co-product - Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. N.p., June 2009. Web. 16 May 2013. "Biodiesel Fuel Conversion Technology." RER Energy Group. N.p., 2012. Web. 16 May 2013. "Biofuels: Pros and Cons - Solar Feeds." Solar Feeds. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 May 2013 "Biofuels Pros And Cons." Energy for Mankindorg RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 May 2013.
Schiller, Matt. "Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethanol as a Fuel - EasyChem - The Ultimate Resource for HSC Chemistry: Syllabus-Based Dot-Point Study Notes/Summaries, Past Exam Papers, and More." Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethanol as a Fuel EasyChem - The Ultimate Resource for HSC Chemistry: Syllabus-Based Dot-Point Study Notes/Summaries, Past Exam Papers, and More. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 May 2013.