HOMEOSTATIS

Definition Homeo means similar Statis means standing still It has the ability or tendency of an organisms or cell to maintain the stable equilibrium It is physiological process in which the condition of stability of the body in internal environment It can regulate Heart rate Breathing rate Body temperature And blood glucose level

INTERNAL COMPONENTS OF HOMEOSTATIS

1. Concentration of

2. 3.

4.
5.

oxygen and carbon dioxide pH of the internal environment Concentration of nutrients and waste products Concentration of salt and other electrolytes Volume and pressure of extracellular fluid

EXAMPLE OF HOMEOSTASIS
Water balance is one important of homeostasis osmoreceptors located in hypothalamus Detect the condition of fluid balance within the body Hypothalamus sensing change in fluid balance msg will sent to cerebellum Fluid balance is too low hypothalamus will act to bring the level of more water within the body Feeling of thirst is produced not enough water with in the body In water conc is too high will react to excrete the excess water

Hypothalamus send a message to pitutary gland to induce a secretion of ADH To increase the permeability of the kidney Amount of water increases and reabsorbed into the body There is too much of water within the body there is no secretion of ADH more water leaves the body in urine Next eg. Blood glucose conc. Body is controlled by number of internal structures and external structures by Food and drink Too much glucose is present specific receptor located with in the pancreas to detect

Receptor send msg to cerebellum Intake of food is decreased After that msg send to islets of langerhans For the production of insulin Conversion of glucose in to substance called glycogen Lowering the glucose in blood stream and become stable

2. Not enough glucose in blood stream

Same receptors detect the change It brings feeling to hunger to increase the consumption of food and drink langerhans cells to start glycogen production Glucose is released into capillary circulation It stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen in to glucose Liver start the conversion of A.minoacid in to glucose Therefore the level of glucose rise and

DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS

What is diffusion?
- the movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, down a concentration gradient.

What is osmosis?

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Why do we need to regulate osmosis?

To maintain homeostasis because the plasma membrane is naturally permeable to water

OSMOSIS
How long does water diffuse in a solution? - Until it has reached equilibrium (even
distribution)

What controls osmosis?

The

concentration gradient

What is a concentration gradient?

The

unequal distribution of particles

TYPES OF SOLUTIONS REMEMBER: SALT SUCKS

"ISO" means the same
Definition: When the concentration of water is the same inside and outside the cell so a cell remains the same. Both animal and plant cells retain normal shape and pressure

TYPES OF SOLUTIONS

The prefix "HYPO" means less, in this case there are less solute (salt) molecules outside the cell than inside, and since salt sucks, water will move into the cell. Definition: When the concentration of water is higher in the cell than outside the cell What happens: The cell swells up Animal Cell- swell until they burst Plant Cell- swell beyond their normal size as pressure increases; this pressure is called turgor pressure. The plasma membrane presses against the cell wall and makes the cell more firm (why grocers mist fruits at the market)

TYPES OF SOLUTION

TYPES OF SOLUTION

The prefix "HYPER" means more, in this case there are more solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, which causes the water to be sucked in that direction. Definition: There is less water inside the cell than outside What happens: Cell shrivels up Animal cell- shrivels up Plant cell loses pressure as the plasma membrane shrinks away from the cell wall; the plant wilts

TYPES OF SOLUTION
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