CREATIVE SPEECH

STRATEGIES INVOLVED IN ACQUIRING CREATIVE SPEECH

ESTABLISHING INTERLANGUAGE RULES

AUTOMATIZING INTERLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE

(Faerch & Kasper 1980)

PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING INTERLANGUAGE RULES

OVERGENERALIZATION SIMPLIFICATION TRANSFER INTRALINGUAL INFERENCING

HYPOTHESIS FORMATION

EXTRALINGUAL
RECEPTIVE

HYPOTHESIS TESTING

PRODUCTIVE METALINGUAL INTERACTIONAL

HYPOTHESIS FORMATION

SIMPLIFICATION

INFERENCING

SIMPLIFICATION
attempts by the learners to control the range of hypotheses he attempts to build by restricting hypothesis formation to those hypotheses which are relatively easy to form and will facilitate communication (Ellis 1985)

SIMPLIFICATION

Overgeneralization
Involves the use of existing L2 knowledge by extending it to new interlanguage forms

Transfer
Involves the use of the learners L1 as a basic for forming hypothesis

about the L2

INFERENCING
Learners attempt to induce the rule from the input. Inferencing is the means by which learner forms hypotheses by attending to input. (Ellis 1985)

INFERENCING STRATEGIES

INTRALINGUAL INFERENCING

EXTRALINGUAL INFERENCING

the result of intake analysis may be governed by innate linguistic (UG/Chomsky). Build up hypotheses by analyzing external L2 data

Powerful device for building hypotheses from external input. Build up hypotheses by relying on contextual meaning

HYPOTHESIS TESTING
- Used to explain how the L2 learner progress along the interlanguage continuum, in much the same way as it is used to

explain L1 acquisition
As in L1, L2 learners make errors to test out certain hypothesis about the nature of the target language. (Corder

1967)
way of testing hypothesis processing) Through negotiation and through feedback, learners can be made aware of the hypothesis that they consider as producing language Hypothesis testing is a mentalist notion learners internal

Ways of testing a hypothesis (Faerch & Kasper (1983b) 1. 2. 3. 4. Receptively Productively Metalingually Interactionally

Ways of testing a hypothesis (Faerch & Kasper (1983b)

1. Receptively: Compare the hypothesis to further input 2. Productively: Use the hypothesis to generate language assess the result 3. Metalingually: consult native speaker/ teacher/ grammar book/ dictionary establish validity of hypothesis 4. Interactionally: make error elicit a repair from interlocutor

Result of hypothesis testing

- Learners confirm or reject initial hypothesis decide which hypothesis to be accepted Learners stop test out hypothesis when satisfied

with existing competence

Two interpretations of hypothesis testing

1/ The child creates a hypothesis by means of inductive procedures, and amends this in the light of the feedback from the environment. not tenable because the child receives negative as well as positive feedback.

Two interpretations of hypothesis testing

2/ The range of possible hypothesis is constrained by Universal Grammar. The childs task is to try out the options available to him and select the one that corresponds to positive evidence provided by the environment.

AUTOMATIZATION
Automatization is a process in which learners try to consolidate hypotheses about L2 by accumulating confirmatory evidence. (Ellis 1985)

AUTOMATIZATION STRATEGIES

FORMAL PRACTICE Focus on forms

FUNCTIONAL PRACTICE Stress on dealing with communicative need