Conditional Clause

Fathin Fitriana Nurul Aulia Rachma Putri Intan Nurrahma Ratih Rahmawati Wenggita Maulani Putri

 There are four types of conditional sentence. It is sometimes called the if clause It is formed by two clauses. The former clause expresses the condition while the later indicates the result of that conditions. Conditionals are divided into four main types: 1. Zero Conditional 2. First Conditional 3. Second Conditional 4 Third Conditional

The First Conditional

The first conditional (also called if clause type 1) is a structure used to talk about things which are possible in the present or future and things which may happen. A first conditional sentence consists two clauses, an if clause and a main clause. We use the present simple tense in the if clause, and the conditional (will/be going to/shall/can/may) + infinitive construction in the main clause.

Present

e.g. 1. If you study hard, you will pass the test.

Future

Explanation : Maybe you will past the test. (Thats a possible sentence)
Present

2. If it is sunny, we will go to the park.

Future

Explanation : Maybe it will be sunny (Thats a possible sentence)

The comma usage

If the if clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the if clause comes second, theres no need for a comma: e.g:
If Clause If you study hard, Main Clause You will pass the test

Main clause
You will pass the test

If clause
If you study hard

Examples

If he pass his driving test, he will buy a car.

If the phone rings, I will answer it.

The second conditional

The second conditional (also called if clause type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future. Like a first conditional, a second conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an if clause and a main clause.

The forms in second conditional

If clause : If + subject + simple past verb Main clause : Subject + would /could+ verb If the if clause comes first, a comma (,) is usually used. If the if clauses comes second, there is no need for a comma.

*Note : The simple past in the second conditional usually use were instead of was even if the pronoun is I, he, she, or it. e.g. 1. If I were, I would. 2. If he were.., he would..

 The second conditional is used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future things which dont or wont happen. The fact of the unreal sentence in the second conditional usually use Simple Present Tense. e.g. If I were rich, I would buy a big house. (this is unreal) The fact is: I am not rich, so I wont buy a new house.

Examples

I would travel around the world if I had enough money. (Thats an unreal sentence) The fact is: I wont travel around the world because I dont have enough money.

If dogs had wings, they could fly high.

(That is an impossible sentence) The fact is: Dogs dont have wings, so they cant fly high

Third Conditionals
The third conditional (also called if clause type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true. It consists of two clauses, an if clause and main clause

The forms in third conditionals

If clause: if + subject + past perfet verb* Main clause: subject + would/could/might have + past participle verb If the if clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the if clause comes second, theres no need for a comma. *Note: The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb had, and the past participle (verb 3) of the verb. So, you may use had as both an auxiliary verb and a past participle. e.g. 1. If I had had.. 2. If she had had..

 The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. The fact of the third conditional usually used Simple Past Tense Example: If we had saved more money last year, we would have taken a vacation to Hawaii. The fact is: We didnt save more money last year so we wouldnt take a vacation to Hawaii

Example

I would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.

The fact is: I wouldnt pass the exam because I didnt study harder.

If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.

The fact is: It didnt snow, so we couldnt go skiing.

EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blank! *) Type 1 1. If you (do) your homework now, you (free) off tomorrow. 2. You (find) life much easier if you (smile) more often. *)Type 2 3. It (be) nice if the rain (stop)! 4. I (sing) you a song if I (find) my guitar. *)Type 3 5. If you had arrived earlier, you would have seen her The fact is

EXERCISE 2
Answer the questions! (with full sentence) 1. What would you buy if you won $10.000? 2. What would you do if you met Justin Bieber? 3. What would you do if you saw a ghost? 4. Where would you go if you had time machine? 5. What would you change if you could change one thing about yourself?