Hydro Power Plants

P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department

A Hydro Power Harvester.

A Two-Way Welfare for the Globe

Specific Speed

Head,m

Specific Speed

MORE ADAPTED TYPE OF TURBINE AS FUNCTION OF THE SPECIFIC SPEED. Specific Speed in r.p.m. Until 18 From 18 to 25 From 26 to 35 From 26 to 35 From 36 to 50 From 51 to 72 From 55 to 70 From 70 to 120 From 120 to 200 From 200 to 300 From 300 to 450 From 400 to 500 From 270 to 500 From 500 to 800 From 800 to 1100 Turbine type Pelton of an injector Pelton of an injector Pelton of an injector Pelton of two injectors Pelton of two injectors Pelton of four injectors Very slow Francis Slow Francis Normal Francis Quick Francis Extra-quick Francis Extra-quick helix Slow Kaplan Quick Kaplan Extra-quick Kaplan Jump height in m 800 800 to 400 400 to 100 800 to 400 400 to 100 400 to 100 400 to 200 200 to 100 100 to 50 50 to 25 25 to 15 15 50 to 15 15 to 5 Less than 5

Varieties of Hydro Resources Available in Nature

Each Resource is naturally fit in the classification? Any modification of the resource is required for better harvesting of resource?

The Size of A Power Plant

A Macro Power Plant : > 100 MW. A Small Power Plant: 5 MW to 25 MW. A Mini Power Plant: 500 kW to 2 MW. A Micro Power Plant: 50 kW to 200 kW. A Pico Power Plant: < 30 kW.

East Flowing River : The Krishna

East Flowing River : The Krishna

Catchment Area: 2,58,958 Sq. km Annual Yield: 57,000 M.cum

The West Flowing River: The Sharavathi

MACRO -HYDRO-POWER POTENTIAL IN INDIA

India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric potential and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-potential on global scenario.
BASINS/RIVERS POWER POTENIAL IN MW Basin/Rivers Indus Basin Ganga Basin Central Indian River system Western Flowing Rivers of southern India Eastern Flowing Rivers of southern India Brahmaputra Basin Total Probable Capacity (MW) 33,832 20,711 4,152 9,430

14,511

66,065 1,48,701

LIST OF HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS IN THE COUNTRY WITH STATION CAPACITY ABOVE 25 MW
REGION/
NORTHERN WESTERN SOUTHERN EASTERN EASTERN

NO.OF STATIONS
55 28 66 15 9 173

NO.OF UNITS
187 101 237 55 26 606

CAPACITY (MW)
13678.25 7392.00 11294.45 3847.70 1116.00 37328.40

ALL INDIA (TOTAL)

More Details of Macro Hydro Power Plants

STATION Bhakra l hydro electric power station Bhakra r hydro electric power station Ganguwal hydro electric power station Kotla hydro electric power station Dehar hydro electric power station Pong hydro electric power station NO. OF UNITS CAPACITY (MW) X SIZE (MW) 5*108 5*157 540.00 785.00

1*29.25+2*24.2
1*29.25+2*24.2 6*165 6*66

77.65
77.65 990.00 396.00

MACRO HYDRO-POWER PROJECTS IN INDIA

S.No. Project River / State Installed Capacity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bhakra Dehar Kalinadi Stage-I Sharavathy Koyna Nagarjuna-Sagar Idduki stage-I Srisailam Salal Ranjit Sagar Chamera - I Sutlej & Beas/ Himachal Pradesh Sutlej / Himachal Pradesh Kalinadi Sharavathy / Karnataka Koyna / Maharashtra Krishna / Andhra Pradesh Idukki, Kalavu & Cheruthan / Kerala Krishna / Andhra Pradesh Chenab / Jammu & Kashmir Ravi / Punjab Ravi / Himachal Pradesh 1225 MW 990 MW 910 MW 891 MW 880 MW 810 MW 780 MW 770 MW 690 MW 600 MW 540 MW

MAJOR HYDRO-POWER PROJECTS IN INDIA

S.No. Project River / State

C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bhakra Dehar Kalinadi Stage-I Sharavathy Koyna Nagarjuna-Sagar Idduki stage-I Srisailam Salal Ranjit Sagar Chamera - I Francis Turbine Francis Sutlej & Beas/ Himachal Pradesh Sutlej / Himachal Pradesh

Francis & Kaplan Kalinadi Pelton Wheel Pelton Wheel Francis Turbine Pelton Wheel Francis Turbine Francis Turbine Francis Turbine Sharavathy / Karnataka Koyna / Maharashtra Krishna / Andhra Pradesh Idukki, Kalavu & Cheruthan / Kerala Krishna / Andhra Pradesh Chenab / Jammu & Kashmir Ravi / Punjab Ravi / Himachal Pradesh

Small Hydro Map of India

Methodology of HEPP Development

Site Survey: Hydrological & geological Survey. Estimation of Potential Regulations & Environmental Concerns Feasible Supply Turbine Selection Costing and Payback.

Hydrological Survey: Flow Duration Curve

To measure the flow-rate vs time at a given site. Direct Measurement of the flow rate. The more robust option is to find out the flow-rate by working out the volume of water that was entering the river. This uses the rainfall data from met office.

Hydrological Cycle

Catchment Area

Catchment Area: 2,58,958 Sq. km Annual Yield: 57,000 M.cum

Rain Fall Data : Hydrograph

Flow Duration Curve

Average Flow duration Curve

Discharge, Cumecs

Average Flow duration Curve Mean of 10 30 years

Q50% Qm Q95% Q100% % of time