Академический Документы
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04/26/09
Introduction of Virtual Machine
o What is Virtual Machine 3–5
o The Origin 6–9
o The Architecture 10
System Virtual Machine 11
o Implementation 12 – 13
o Emulation 14
o Optimization 15
Process Virtual Machine 16
o Multiprogramming 17
o High Level Language 18
o Virtualization 19
Advantages & Disadvantages 20 – 21
Tutorial: How to install 22 – 28
2
Summary 29
Reference 30
INTRODUCTION OF VIRTUAL MACHINE
WHAT IS IT?
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In computer science, a virtual machine (VM) is a
software implementation of a machine (computer)
that executes programs like a real machine.
A virtual machine takes the layered approach to its
logical conclusion. It treats hardware and the
operating system kernel as though they were all
hardware
A virtual machine provides an interface identical to
the underlying bare hardware
The operating system creates the illusion of multiple
processes, each executing on its own processor with
its own (virtual) memory
3
CONTINUE…
The resources of the physical computer are shared to create
the virtual machines
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CPU scheduling can create the appearance that users
have their own processor
A normal user time-sharing terminal serves as the virtual
machine operator’s console
4
The virtual-machine concept provides complete
protection of system resources since each virtual
machine is isolated from all other virtual machines.
This isolation, however, permits no direct sharing of
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resources.
A virtual-machine system is a perfect vehicle for
operating-systems research and development.
System development is done on the virtual machine,
instead of on a physical machine and so does not
disrupt normal system operation.
5
THE ORIGIN
Computer systems are constructed of the three major
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components :hardware, the operating system, and
application programs.
The three major system components are stacked on
one another to reflect the direct interaction that takes
place.
A computer system
consisting of Hardware
that implements an
Instruction Set
Architecture (ISA), an
Operating System, and a
set of Application
programs. 6
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Figure Interoperability
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One type of virtual machine (VM) is virtualizing software is
placed between the underlying machine and conventional
software.
Virtualizing software translates the hardware ISA so that
conventional software “sees” a different ISA from the one
supported by hardware.
8
A system virtual machine provides a complete system
environment.
This environment can support multiple user processes,
includes a file system, provides the processes with access to
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I/O devices, and, on the desktop, it supports a GUI.
9
VIRTUAL MACHINE ARCHITECTURE
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10
SYSTEM VIRTUAL MACHINE
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System Virtual Machine is capable of supporting an OS
along with potentially many user processes.
o Implementation
o Emulation
o Optimization
11
IMPLEMENTATION
In Figure 0-10, the “classic” VM, the VMM is placed on
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“bare” hardware.
The VMM runs in the most highly privileged mode,
while all the guests run with lesser privileges.
Then, the VMM can intercept and implement all the
guest OS's actions that interact with hardware
resources
12
CONTINUE
An alternative system VMM implementation builds
virtualizing software on top of an existing host
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operating system – resulting in what is called a hosted
VM
With a hosted VM, the installation process is similar to
in-
stalling a typical application program
Furthermore, virtualizing software can rely on the host
OS to provide device drivers and other lower-level
services; they don’t have to be done by the VMM
13
EMULATION
Execute binaries compiled to a different instructio
n set than that executed by the host’s hardware.
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This process helps to converts the guest system
ISA operation equivalent to host OS.
So, it allows software application and operating
system written for guest ISA, to be run in host OS
ISA.
14
OPTIMIZATION
VMs designed to enable innovative ISAs and/or
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hardware implementations for improved performa
nce, power efficiency, etc.
Similar hardware virtualization is common for
microprocessors, such as Pentium IV.
Software VM is part of the hardware design
applications/OS never directly execute native ISA
instructions
15
PROCESS VIRTUAL MACHINE
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MULTIPROGRAMMING
HIGH LAVEL LANGUAGE VM
VIRTUALIZATION
16
MULTIPROGRAMMING
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Conventional multiprogramming provides each user
process with the illusion of having a complete
machine to itself.
Each process is given its own address space and is
given access to a file structure.
The operating system timeshares the hardware and
manages underlying resources to make this possible.
17
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE VM
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A HLL is designed with the goal of being
executed in a VM.
minimize hardware‐specific and OS‐
specific features that could compromise portabili
ty
earlier program distribution than in conventional
system
18
VIRTUALIZATION
Virtualization constructs an isomorphism that
maps a virtual guest system to a real host.
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It can be thought of a partitioning where a
single physical server is sliced into multiple
small partitions.
19
ADVANTAGES
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The only advantage is that we don't have to buy two
computers, and we don't have to stand up from one
computer and walk to the other
Increase the hardware utilization
Decrease the capital and operating cost by sharing in
number of VM
High availability and Secure
VM can use from anywhere in the intranet
20
DISADVANTAGES
The disadvantages are that they are really slow, and not
quite as stable.
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Setting up networking can sometimes be a pain (but is
solvable)
21
TUTORIAL : HOW TO INSTALL
Installing the Windows 7 Beta with Virtual PC 2007 SP1
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Download and install Virtual PC from
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=28C9
Download windows 7 beta here but only 32-bit edition
because virtual PC 2007 only support 32-bit guest OS
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/beta-download.asp
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1. Open Virtual PC (Start –> Programs –> Microsoft Virtual
PC) and click New… to launch the New Virtual Machine
Wizard. Click Next.
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2. Ensure that “Create a virtual machine” is selected and click
Next.
3. Provide a name and location for your virtual machine and click Next.
I suggest saving this in the same location that you will create
your VHD file (step 6).
4. The next dialog prompts you for the operating system you will be
running. Since Virtual PC 2007 SP1 isn’t familiar with Windows 7, just23
select Windows Vista from this list. Click Next.
5. The next dialog asks you how much RAM you would like to
assign to your virtual machine. This is always a balancing act to
determine the right amount of RAM to allocate to your virtual
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machine and how much to allow your host operating system to
utilize, but as a rule of thumb I suggest allocating 50% of your
physical RAM to your virtual machine. For example, if you have
1GB of RAM in your computer, try assigning 512MB to the virtual
machine. Click Next when you have allocated your RAM.
7. Give your new virtual hard disk a name and location. I suggest
using a location that has at least 16GB of disk space available.
An external (e.g. USB2) hard drive works well for this purpose
since it’s portable and it allows your computer to load balance
disk IO between your system drive and the external drive. For
“Virtual hard disk size” leave the default value and click Next
when ready.
8. Click Finnish 24
9. Your Virtual PC Console should now have a new entry
representing your new virtual machine. Highlight this entry and
click Start.
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10. Your virtual machine should now boot up and look for an
operating system to boot to. Since you haven’t installed an
operating system yet, it will eventually time out with the
message below. It might take a minute or two to time out while
it looks for a network device to boot off of, so be patient.
25
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11. Now from the top of the Virtual PC 2007 window click on CD –
> Capture ISO Image and select the Windows 7 beta ISO image
you downloaded in step 2. It should be called 7000.0.081212-
1400_client_en-us_Ultimate-GB1CULFRE_EN_DVD.iso. This will
mount the ISO image as a DVD drive available to your virtual
machine.
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14. The rest of the setup should be the same as any OS, but when you use
your mouse to control your virtual Windows 7 OS, you won’t be able
to move your cursor outside of the virtual machine. To release the mouse
27
press the <right-ALT> key
CONGRATULATIONS!!!!!!
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You have installed your
first virtual windows 7
28
SUMMARY
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Virtual Machine is a platform that can help different OS to be used concurrently
in one physical hardware. The using of virtual machine also help the developers
to do some test on guest OS system, without concerning about its effects on host
OS
29
REFERENCE
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http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_advantages_or_disadvantages_of_virtual_machin
http://www.pdf-search-engine.com/inside-process-virtual-machine-pdf.html
http://www.csc.lsu.edu/~gb/csc7700/Reading/smith-vm-overview.pdf
http://blogs.msdn.com/briankel/archive/2009/01/10/installing-the-windows-7-beta-with-v
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