Structure and Function of the Flower

CXC Biology Syllabus

Life Processes Specific Objectives 9.6&9.7

Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Section A:

Flower Structure

Science Objectives:
Students should be able to Recognize specified floral parts on most flowers Relate each part to its function Distinguish between staminate, pistillate/carpellate and hermaphrodite flowers

Core Skills Objectives:

Co-operation/Group work Drawing CXC Practical Skills Drawing
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Structure and Function of the Flower Quiz #1

1. What is the male part of the flower called? -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. What is the main function of a flower? -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. What is the function of the carpel? -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Give one example of a hermaphrodite flower -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Name the flower structures which protect the young flower bud. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Use the following to label the flower diagram below: Style, stamen, sepal, filament, peduncle, ovary, anther, receptacle, carpel, stigma, petal, ovule.

Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

What is a Flower?
Plant organ for sexual reproduction
Flowers produce gametes (sex cells) Flowers are necessary for fertilisation to occur
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Flower Diagram

Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Parts of the Flower

Peduncle: flower stalk Receptacle: part of stalk bearing the floral organs, at base of flower Sepal:leaflike structures at flower base, protects young flower bud Calyx: all the sepals together form the calyx Petal: located inside and above the sepals, often large and colourful, sometimes scented, sometimes producing nectar Stamen: male part of the flower, consist of the anther and filament, makes pollen grains Pollen: grains containing the male gametes Pistil/Carpel: female part of the flower, consist of the stigma, style and ovary Ovule: located in the ovaries, carry female gametes Staminate flower: flower bearing only male parts Pistillate/Carpellate flower: flower bearing only female sex parts Hermaphrodite flower: flower bearing both male and female sex parts
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Method
1.
2.

3. 4. 5.

Collect specimens of the following flowers (your guide will show you where and which flowers to collect!) Pride of Barbados Hibiscus Orchid Flower of choice Make a labeled drawing of the Pride of Barbados and Hibiscus flowers (use the flower diagram as a guide, include magnification, labels in script) Dissect the Pride of Barbados flower ( a demonstration will be given) Make individual drawings of the petals, sepals, stamens, and pistils/carpels Dissect the pistil/carpel and make a labeled drawing of the ovary and the ovules lying within it
Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Section B

Pollination
Science Objectives: Students should be able to: Define pollination State the main ways in which plants achieve pollination Recognize flower adaptations associated with each mode of pollination Core Skills targeted Drawing Information Technology CXC Practical Skills Analysis and Interpretation Drawing
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Mode of Pollination
1. 2.
3.

Insect-pollinated flowers may have: Brightly coloured petals Strong sweet fragrance Nectar producing glands Guidelines to lead insects to Nectar Wind-pollinated flowers may have:
Large stigmas outside the flower Little or no fragrance Light non-sticky pollen Lack showy petals Bird-pollinated flowers may have: Long tube shaped flowers Bright red and yellow flowers No odour
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Mode of Pollination (Continued)

4. Mammal-pollinated flowers may have: White flowers

Strong fruity odour

Flowers opening at night

5.

Water-pollinated flowers may have: Pollen which floats on water (this form of pollination is rare)

Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Method
1. 2. 3. 4. Research and define the following terms in the Iris Bannochie library and on the Internet Pollination Self-pollination Cross-pollination Note the ways in which pollination may occur Identify the various adaptations associated with each form of pollination Collect flower specimens from the gardens and determine their method of pollination through completion of the Mode of Pollination Table

Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Mode of Pollination Table

Flower Name Light nonsticky Pollen Sticky Pollen Colourful Petals Sweet Scented Tube Shaped Mode of Pollination

denotes a positive response

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Assessment Scheme for Drawing

Element
Clarity

Criteria
Clean continuous lines of even thickness No shading or unnecessary detail Reasonable size

Sub-Total
Any 3=2

Total
2 marks

Any 2=1

Accuracy

Faithfulness of reproduction Structures typical of specimen included Reasonable proportions

1 1 1 3 marks

Labeling/ Labeling lines

Neat drawn with a ruler; in pencil; not crossing No arrowheads; touching labeled structure Labels in script

1 1 2 marks

Labels accurate

1 mark

Acceptable title

Accurate description of specimen In caps Below drawing Any 2=1 1 mark

Magnification

1 mark

Total

10 marks

Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Use the following to label the flower diagram below: Style, stamen, sepal, filament, peduncle, ovary, anther, receptacle, carpel, stigma, petal, ovule.

Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Structure and Function of the Flower Quiz #2 Pollination

1. 2. Write a short definition for the word pollination. Why is pollination important to plants?

3.
4.

State three ways in which pollination can be achieved.

State a plant adaptation associated with each mode of pollination above

Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2

Analysis and Interpretation of the Pollination Exercise

Background Information/Biological principles. (3 marks) Relationship to Investigation/Observation. State the significance of pollination Identify the flower structures which play the key role in pollination Note how these structures are adapted to their role Explanation/Interpretations of result. Give reasons for interpretation of specified result Conclusion based on observation/data Related to Aim Correct conclusions drawn (3-4 marks)

(2 marks)

Limitations Limitations of the results/conclusions stated

(1-2marks)

Andromeda Botanic Gardens Educational Series: #2