WELCOME

NAMASTE!
Proposal seminar

Research Topic: PERFORMANCE OF TOMATO CULTIVARS AS INFLUENCED BY NUMBER OF SIDE DRESSES IN RAINY-WINTER SEASON UNDER PLASTIC ROOFING CONDITION IN FAR- WESTERN TERAI

Principle investigator: Krishna Pd. Tiwari R 2010-HRT- 02 M

Major Advisor: M. D. Sharma, Ph. D. Minor Advisor: A. K. Shrivastav, Ph. D. : K. R. Joshi

Page 2

Introduction
Background of information: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum): one of major commercial vegetable crops, widely grown (plains and hills). Area under tomato in Nepal: 19724ha, Production: 317657 MT, productivity: 16.10 MT/ha (CBS, 2010) In the plains, tomato can be produced successfully as winter to spring season crop and as off-season in two growing seasons, spring (slightly later) and rainy to autumn (slightly earlier).

Background of information: Tomato production inside plastic house during rainy season is a new and modest technology to many of the farmers in Nepal (Pandey et al., 2006).
Adoption : greatly increased employment opportunities

Production during rainy season in open field condition is still very difficult job (Pandey et al., 2006) Production in summer and rainy season has extremely been limited by high temp0C and adverse moisture condition (flooding).

Background of information:
Needs protection from intense rainfall through plastic roofing and an undercover by cotton net. Some of the progressive farmers in Banke, Khajura area have been involved in autumn season tomato production since past 10 years or more. Farmers are producing early tomato that fetches high prices during Deepawali festival at October at first harvest in Kailali district.

 Statement of the Problem

Tomato possesses relatively: - Higher return - Year round demand - Peak demand in especially in the autumn season

In fact, it is due to the co-effect of: -decreased supply and increased consumption
Though the technology is highly successful, seed availability and varietal option has became major constraints.

 Statement of the Problem

Production in summer and rainy season is extremely limited by temperature and moisture in early summer and temperature along with moisture in rainy summer (Kuo et al., 1979). At this time, bacterial wilt and high temperature affect the plant drastically cutting down the yield (Villareal, 1979). High temperature induces floral drop, low fruit set, poor growth and development of fruit causing poor quality and production. Reduced fruit set due to high ambient temperature are also one of the important problems directly related to yield

 Statement of the Problem

Maximum day (>320C) and minimum night (<210C) temperatures are known to limit fruit set due to an impaired physiological process in flower and fruit setting and or abscission (Bhattarai and Subedi 1996). Heat, blight and bacterial wilt susceptible varieties cannot be cultivated during rainy season. The general ambient temperatures during summer in western Terai exceed this range and during monsoon the temperature fluctuates much more.

 Justification of the study

Rainy season tomato is a major source of income to the growers in the very limited areas in plains. A large quantity of this vegetable is imported from India (Prasad, 2000). There is a high potential of growing tomato in off season to meet the domestic demand all over Nepal. Which could be produced with the introduction of heat and rain tolerant hybrids or OP varieties[rainy season production (Pandey, 2004)]. Plastic house technology was found highly successful.

 Justification of the study

Production inside the plastic house during rainy season in hilly areas has become very popular and profitable where there is market access (Pandey et al., 2006) Such areas are far from the cities of Terai region in the sense of geographical hindrances and lack of transportation. Lack of season specific fertilizer management information to have good fruit yield in Terai condition is utmost need to expand rainy- autumn season tomato production. To provide alternative option of varietal trials and fertilizer management trails in farmer field should be performed.

Goal, purpose and objectives

Goal: Poverty reduction through increased income of offseason tomato farmers. Purpose: Introduction of innovative technology for tomato production in rainy-winter season securing food and nutrition. General objective: Evaluation of tomato cultivar in response to fertilizer management for increased yield and quality of rainy-winter season tomato in terai condition.

Goal, purpose and objectives

Specific objectives:
Appraising yield and yield attributing characteristics of heat

tolerant and bacterial wilt resistant tomato cultivars.

Assessing optimum no. of side dresses (NPK mix fertilizer)

for rainy-winter season tomato.

To find suitable cultivar and no. of side dresses (NPK mix

fertilizer) for improved yields in rainy season condition in Terai

Introduce and encourage offseason tomato cultivation in

Terai region.

Hypotheses
Null hypothesis (H0): The performance of tomato cultivars will be same in combination with varying number of side dressing under plastic roofing in rainy-autumn season. Alternative hypothesis (H1): The performance of tomato cultivars will be different in combination with varying number of side dressing under plastic roofing in rainy-autumn season.

Literature Review
Scope of off season tomato production

Performance of heat tolerant (hot set) varieties

Fertilizer management (no. of side dressing) affecting flower,

fruit growth and development

Role of mix fertilizer applying frequently at cropping season Weather extremity affecting fruit yield and quality (role of T

and RH for fruit set)

Materials and Methods

Location (map showing research site)

Research field (2829' 40'' north latitude and 81 02 58)

Vijayanagar, Tikapur MCP, Kailali Nepal.

Map showing research site

Materials and Methods

Time of study: May to September Agro-meteorological features of the Study: Maximum

and minimum temp0C, RH will be taken from Tikapur airport station and Temp during observation period will also be taken from research field.
Experimental materials:

Tomato cultivars (1 op and 2 F1 hybrids) will be procured from Nepalese Market.

Fertilizers (Urea, DAP and MoP); B and Ca and others will be applied as recommended (SSMP, 2007). Plastic roofing structure: bamboo poles, plastic, covering net

Experimental design treatment details: Experimental design: factorial RCBD- 2 factor Factor 1: Three levels of Varieties: Factor 2: No. of Side dressing: 4 levels (1, 2, 3, and 4 times) Total no. of treatments: 12 Replication: 3 times Treatment Details:
T1: NCL 1131 + 1 SD T2: NCL 1131 + 2 SD T3: NCL 1131 + 3 SD T4: NCL 1131 + 4 SD T5: Dalila + 1 SD T6: Dalila + 2 SD T7: Dalila + 3 SD T8: Dalila + 4 SD T9: Surya 111 + 1 SD T10: Surya 111 + 2 SD T11: Surya 111 + 3 SD T12: Surya 111 + 4 SD

Layout of experimental area:

Structure of plastic house:

Procurement of input and construction of plastic house

Bamboo logs of essential number will be procured locally. Seed will be procured from agrovets in kathmandu

and fertilizer and PPM, hormones will be procured from local market.
Plastic sheet of 200 micron thickness for roofing area will

be used as glazing material.

Cotton net will be procured from local market and used

under the glazing material for temperature reduction.

Other materials needed: cartoon tape, rope, metal pin,

etc. will be procured in local market.

Agronomic practices
PPM and essential micro and macro nutrients will be

applied following the recommendation for rainy season tomato cultivation under plastic house.
Seed sowing: separate nurseries for different varieties will

be made. Seed spacing: 10cm * continuous sowing

Transplanting: seedlings of 3 wks age (4 true leaf stage)

will be transplanted over the pits of 50 cm depth* 25 cm d.) Spacing: 50 cm * 45 cm

Fertilizer

doses and application method: Basal application of 5:10:5 gm of Urea, DAP and MoP per plant (SSMP, 2007). Side dressing of 5:10:5 gm of Urea, DAP and MoP per plant (SSMP, 2007) by ring method of application.

Agronomic practices
Irrigation: frequency and amount will depend on moisture

status of soil. Watering will be done using rose can- nursery stage Buckets and jugs - transplanting stage Between furrows by garden pipe later stages
Training and Pruning: only two canes will be retained and

all other side shoots, suckers will be removed, trellis system of training will be done erecting a pole in every 4 plant and 3 cross wire will be tied to support plants in between.
Harvesting: performed on yellow color or breaking stage

with the help of rust proof still scissors.

Observations
1. Vegetative growth parameters: Plant height: by measuring tape at every 10 days interval after 10 DAT Stem diameter: 3rd to 4th inter node stem girth by measuring tape (c = d2/4) Leaf area index (LAI): leaves will be outlined in graph along with the use of LA meter as well for accuracy. (LA/GA) Height of first truss Number of leaves between two consecutive trusses: Growth habit: (indeterminate, determinate, semi-det.) 2. Floral parameters: Earliness: Days to first, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% truss initiation.

Observations
3. Yield parameters: Fruit characters: (10 fruits per lot for observation) Average fruit weight (gm) Fruit shape: 1-3 scales (1Round, 2Ovoid, 3Pear shaped) Fruit length (cm) Fruit diameter (cm) Fruit length/diameter ratio (L/D) Number of Locules per fruit Truss characters: Number of flowers per truss Number of fruits per truss Average length of truss

Observations
3. Yield parameters: Fruit set percentage:
Earliness: days to first harvest
Fruiting period: period from first harvest to final harvest

Production and Productivity: fruit no./plant*frt. Wt*total

plant population per hactere

Taste preference: organoleptic test for different purposes

(Chutney, curry, air-dried chips) Gross benefit

B: C ratio: =

/ Gross cost

Statistical Analysis
Recorded data will be compiled using Ms Excel. Mean comparison will be performed with the help of DMRT/MSTATC. The results will be interpreted with supporting Tables and figures. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) Table
Source of variance
Replication

Degree of freedom
r-1=2

Sum of squares

Mean squares

Computed F

Tabul ar F 5%

Treatment
Variety (A) Fertilizer (B) AxB Error Total

ab-1=11
a-1=2 b-1=3 (a-1) (b-1)=6

(r-1)
(ab-1)=22 rab-1=35

Beneficiaries
Primary beneficiaries: Semi-commercial and commercial tomato growers in the entire Terai and inner Terai region (Hot and humid tropics) Secondary beneficiaries: Researchers, academicians, development workers

extension

agents

and

Upstream beneficiaries: People involved in marketing of tomato (collectors, retailers, wholesaler, distributors, and consumers).

Risk and assumptions

Weather as well as lab conditions during the study

period remain conductive.

Good coordination with farmers for all the activities Availability of plant protection measures (agrochemicals, hormones).

Budget summery
S.N. Activity/ Items

Unit Plastic house Set

Number 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

Rate 10590 3430 7560 7560 6000 12500 5000

Total (Npr.) 31770 3430 7560 7560 6000 12500 5000 66260 6626 72886

1 Plastic House Construction 2 Tools and Implements 3 Other Essentials 3 Other Essentials Travel cost (Tickets/ fuel/ 4 Hire) Publication (Report, Drafts, 5 Thesis) Advisory Visit 6 (Monitoring) 7 Total Over head 8 @ 10% of Total Grand Total (NRS.)

Lump sum Lump sum Lump sum

Work plan
Act ivit y Description Seed sowing and nursery establishment. Procurement equipments, materials for plastic house construction and agrochemicals. Transplanting of seedlings Observation for vegetative, reproductive, maturity, and yield attributing parameters. Fruit harvesting and yield observation Observation of physical parameters of fruit Organoleptic taste observation. Tabulation and Analysis of data. July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Fe b Aug Nov

Preparation and Submission of thesis report.

Suggestions please !!!