What is similar among the movie They all have characters whose pictures were shown?

Psychological Disorders
A Presentation by Nathalie Barlis Marian Miciano Karina Relatado

History
Ancient Chinese, Egyptians, and Hebrews attributed deviance to the work of the devil, in which an evil spirit attempted to escape from a persons body

Trephination

It was a procedure carried out to release an evil spirit from a persons body. A sharp tool was used to chisel a hole in the skull about 2 centimeters in diameter.

About 5th century B.C. Greek physician Hippocrates suggested that mental illnesses are diseases just like physical disorders. He believed that the site of mental illness was the brain. Medieval Europe disturbed people were either possessed involuntarily by the devil or had voluntarily made a pact with the forces of darkness

1800s Western medicine returned to viewing mental disorders as biologically based and was attempting to extend medical diagnoses to them. discovery that general paresis, a disorder characterized in its advanced stages by mental deterioration and bizarre behavior, resulted from massive brain deterioration caused by the sexually transmitted disease syphilis.

Early 1900s Sigmund Freuds theory of psychoanalysis ushered in psychological interpretations of disordered behavior It was soon joined by other models based on behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic conceptions of psychological disorders.

Vulnerability-Stress Model
incorporates factors such as biological, psychological, and environmental, which can combine to cause psychological disorders, into a general framework Each of us has some degree of vulnerability (ranging from very low to very high) for developing a psychological disorder, given sufficient stress.

Stressor - some recent or current Vulnerability/Predisposition event that requires a person to cope

A predisposition creates a disorder only when a stressor combines with a vulnerability to trigger the disorder.

What is abnormal?
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 10

Criteria of Abnormality

Deviance
What is

Distress

ABNORMAL?

Abnormal Behaviors are Characterized by:

1) Distress excessive anxiety, depression 2) Dysfunction inability to form satisfying relationships, to control ones self 3) Deviance violation of sociallyacceptable norms
Free Powerpoint Templates Page 12

ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR is

behavior that is personally DISTRESSING,

personally
DYSFUNCTIONAL,

and/or so culturally DEVIANT

that other people judge it

to be inappropriate or maladaptive.

Types of Psychological Disorders

Topics to discuss: Anxiety

Phobic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders Mood Disorders

ANXIETY: the state of tension and apprehension that is a natural response to perceived threat. (nervousness, fear, apprehension, and worrying) ANXIETY DISORDERS: the frequency and intensity of anxiety responses are out of proportion to the situations that trigger them, and the anxiety interferes with daily life.

Components of Anxiety

Phobias are strong and irrational fears of certain objects or situations.

Western Society: Agoraphobia, Social phobias and specific phobias

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is a chronic (ongoing) state of diffuse, or free-floating, anxiety that is not attached to specific situations or objects
Physical symptoms : muscle tension, fatigue, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, irritability, edginess, gastrointestinal discomfort or diarrhea

Medication: Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs primarily used for treating anxiety, but they also are effective in treating several other conditions. The exact mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is not known. All benzodiazepines affect gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter chemical that nerves use to communicate with one another. Since scientists believe that excessive activity of nerves in the brain may be the cause of anxiety and other psychological disorders, and GABA reduces the activity of nerves in the brain, benzodiazepines may be working by increasing the effects of GABA in the brain and spinal cord.

Panic Disorders occur suddenly and unpredictably and they are much more intense; sometimes even during sleep. People who experience spontaneous seemingly out-of-the-blue panic attacks and are preoccupied with the fear of a recurring attack. Cause: (unclear) genetic factors or changes in body chemistry, in combination with stressful circumstances or events

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) People with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suffer from unwanted and intrusive thoughts that they can't seem to get out of their heads (obsessions), often compelling them to repeatedly perform ritualistic behaviors and routines (compulsions) to try and ease their anxiety. Treatment: behavior therapy, such as cognitivebehavioral therapy or exposure therapy, and medication.

 Obsessions are repetitive and unwelcome thoughts, images, or impulses that invade consciousness, are often abhorrent to the person, and are very difficult to dismiss or control. Compulsions are repetitive behavioral responses that can be resisted only with great difficulty.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder that can occur in people who have been exposed to traumatic life events.

Somatoform disorders involve physical complaints or disabilities that suggest a medical problem but that have no known biological cause and are not produced voluntarily by the person (Kirmayer & Looper, 2007).
A physician examines a Cambodian refugee who appears to be suffering from psychologically induced blindness. There is nothing wrong with his eyes, but he cannot see.

Dissociative disorders involve a breakdown of normal personality integration, resulting in significant alterations in memory or identity. psychogenic amnesia psychogenic fugue dissociative identity disorder

 psychogenic amnesia- a person responds to a stressful event with extensive but selective memory loss. psychogenic fugue-is a more profound dissociative disorder in which a person loses all sense of personal identity, gives up her or his customary life, wanders to a new faraway location, and establishes a new identity. dissociative identity disorder- formerly called multiple personality disorder), two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person.

Mood disorders, which include depression and mania (excessive excitement)

Schizophrenia
A person misinterprets reality and exhibits disordered attention, thought or perception. Sometimes entails delusions false beliefs that are sustained in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them Sometimes hallucinations - false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.

Paranoid schizophrenia
delusions of persecution, in which people believe that others mean to harm them delusions of grandeur, in which they believe they are enormously important.

Disorganized schizophrenia
confusion and incoherence, severe deterioration of adaptive behavior, such as personal hygiene, social skills, and selfcare.

Catatonic schizophrenia
striking motor disturbances ranging from muscular rigidity to random or repetitive movements.

Salvador Dali
The Persistence of Memory

The Temptation of St. Anthony

Personality Disorder
long-term disorder characterized by extreme unresponsiveness to others, poor communication skills, and highly repetitive and rigid behavior patterns

The Hunger Games

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Childhood Disorders
Autism long-term disorder characterized by extreme unresponsiveness to others, poor communication skills, and highly repetitive and rigid behavior patterns.

 ADHD - problems may take the form of inattention, hyperactivity/ impulsivity, or a combination of the two.

Satoshi Tajiri The creator of Pokemon

Dawn Prince-Hughes researcher, author

Jim Carrey - Actor

Michael Phelps Olympic swimmer

Justin Timberlake - Singer

Lets go back to the movie characters shown at the beginning of the slideshow and see what psychological disorders they have

50 First Dates (Amnesia)

The Soloist (Schizophrenia)

The Silence of the Lambs (Antisocial Personality Disorder)

Rachel Getting Married (Antisocial Personality Disorder)

Sybil (Dissociative Identity/ Multiple Personality Disorder and Split Personality Disorder)