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Dr Anggraini Barlian
Derivatives of endoderm only epithelial layer of gastrointestinal tract and glands The first tube, extending throughout the length of the body is: the digestive tube Buds from this tube form: the liver, gallbladder and pancreas
The digestive tube is derived from the primitive gut. As the endoderm pinches in toward the center of the embryo foregut and hindgut regions are formed.
The endodermal covers the ventral surface of the embryo & forms the roof of the yolk sac In the anterior, endoderm forms : foregut In the tail region, endoderm forms: hindgut. Between: midgut Midgut yolk sac by broad stalk: vitelline duct At cephalic end, foregut bounded temporarily by ectodermalendodermal membrane: buccopharyngeal membrane 4th week ruptures: open connection amniotic cav. & primitive gut oral cavity Hindgut 7th week breaks down : create openings: cloacal membrane In human yolk sac vestigial : has nutritive role in early
At 16 days, primitive gut appears still opens, until the posterior body fold begins, then forms hindgut and midgut
Human embryo at 18 days: 3 parts of digestive tube: foregut, midgut and hindgut
At first, the oral end is blocked by a region of ectoderm called the oral plate or stomodeum. Eventually, at 22 days the stomodeum breaks creating the oral opening of the digestive tube. The opening itself is lined by ectodermal cells.
At 28 days, buds from the digestive tube form important digestive glands: Liver Pancreas Gallbladder Digestive tube further differentiates
Sagittal section of 3 weeks human embryo: the stomach region has begun to dilate, the pancreas is represented by 2 buds that will fuse
LIVER
Develop caudal to stomach; from liver/ hepatic diverticulum. Developing of heart induces liver formation
The hepatic diverticulum is the tube of endoderm that extends out from the foregut into the surrounding mesenchyme (cardiogenic mesoderm) The mesenchyme induces this endoderm to proliferate, to branch and to form the glandular epithelium of the liver
Liver development. A portion of the hepatic diverticulum (closest to digestive tube) continues to function as the drainage duct of the liver and branch from this duct produces: gallbladder
PANCREAS
Develops from the fusion of distinct dorsal and ventral diverticula Both dorsal and ventral diverticula arise from the ndoderm immediately caudal to the stomach grow, come closer together fuse Only the ventral duct survives to carry digestive enzymes into the intestine. Once pancreatic rudiments are initiated, they begin to form both exocrine and endocrine tissue.
Pancreatic development in human: A. At 30 days, ventral pancreatic bud is close to the liver primordium B. By 35 days it begins migrating posteriorly C. Comes into contact with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the 6th week of development D. Dorsal pancreatic duct loses its duct into the duodenum. In about 10% of population the dual duct system persist