Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 13

ACIDS An acids is substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

. Some acids are found naturally in living things and are called organic acids. They are usually weak acids and less corrosive. Inorganic acids or mineral acids obtain from manufactured from mineral salt. Inorganic acids are usually strong and more corrosive.

Organic acids

The Properties of Acids

The Properties of Alkalis

The properties of Acids


Taste sour

The properties of Alkalis


Taste bitter

pH value less than 7 Turns blue litmus paper red Corrosive React with metals to produce hydrogen gas React with carbonates to release carbon dioxide gas Neutralise alkalis to form salt and water

Feel soapy (slippery) pH greater than 7 Turns red litmus paper blue Corrosive React with ammonium salt to release ammonia gas when heated Neutralise acids to form and water

Acids and alkalis only show their properties in the presence of water. Substances with pH 7 are neutral. The pH range is from 1 to 14.

Uses of acid and alkali in everyday life

NEUTRALISATION
Neutralisation is a chemical reaction between an acid and alkali to form a salt and water. Neutralisation can be represented by the words equation:
ACIDS + ALKALI SALT + WATER

Reactions of various kinds of acids and alkalis will produce different types of salts.
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water Sulphuric acids + calcium hydroxide calcium sulphate + water Nitric acids + ammonium hydroxide ammonium nitrate + water

Titration is a process where an acid is gradually added from a burette to an alkali until the end point of neutralisation is reach.

Activity 5.12 Aim : To investigate neutralisation between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide

Discussion: 1. Why do we need to add in the phenolphtalein indicator? 2. Why must we add in the acids slowly? 3. Write a word equation to represent the neutralisation.

Activity 5.12 Aim : To investigate neutralisation between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide
Discussion:

1. Why do we need to add in the phenolphthalein indicator? Phenolphthalein indicator will change colour to indicate the end point is reached. 2. What is the colour and taste of the substance obtained after evaporating the solution to dryness? The substance is white and tastes salty 3. Write a word equation to represent the neutralisation. Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide Sodium chloride + water
Conclusion:
When an alkali is neutralised by an acid, salt and water are formed

Application of neutralisation in daily life

Toothpaste (alkali) Antacid (alkali) Hair conditioner (acid) Bee sting (formic acid) Ant bites Wasp stings (alkaline) Chemical burns caused by alkalis Acidic soil

Neutralise acid in mouth Neutralise excessive hydrochloric acid in stomach Neutralise alkaline shampoo residue on the hair Treated with baking soda mixed with water, calamine lotion Treated with vinegar Treated by washing with weak acids such as boric acid or vinegar Treated by adding lime (alkali) to the soil

Вам также может понравиться