CAUSATIVE

CAUSATIVE
The Causative verbs are used to indicate that one

person cause a second person to do something for the first person. One can cause somebody to do something for him or her by paying, asking, or forcing the person.
Based on the object, Causative is divided into two.

They are Active Causative and Passive Causative.

CAUSATIVE HAVE
S + have + complement + Verb in simple form
any tense usually person

Examples : I have my friend type my paper. The teacher has some students clean the classroom. She had me read her book yesterday.

CAUSATIVE GET
S + get + complement + Verb in infinitive with to...
any tense usually person

Examples : You get a guy to bring the bag. He gets the driver to speed. We got them to buy some vegetables.

PASSIVE CAUSATIVE
Passive causative only has a pattern.

S + have / get + complement + Verb in past participle...

any tense usually thing

Examples : They have the garden cleaned by the gardener. Ardi has his computer repaired. I had the radio turned off.

MAKE
Make can be followed only by a clause in the active

voice. It is stronger than have or get. It means force.

S + make + complement + Verb in simple form...
any tense

Examples :
The manager made the salesmen attend the conference. The teacher always makes the children stay in their seats. The president is making his cabinet members sign this

document.

LET
Let is usually added to the list of causatives in

grammar textbooks. It means allow or permit. Notice the difference in grammar.

S + let + complement + Verb in simple form...
any tense

S + permit / allow + complement + Verb in infinitive with to

any tense

Examples
John let his daughter swim with her friends.

= John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends.

= John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends.
Mr. Brown always lets his children watch cartoons

on Saturday mornings. = Mr. Brown always allows his children to watch cartoons
on Saturday mornings. = Mr. Brown always permits his children to watch cartoons on Saturday mornings.

HELP
Help is not actually a causative verb either, but is

generally considered with causative verbs in grammar textbooks. It is usually followed by the simple form, but can be followed by the infinitive in some cases. It means assist.
Subject + help + complement + verb in simple form / verb in infinitive

Examples : John helped Mary (to) wash the dishes. The teacher helped Caroline (to) find the research material.

EXERCISES 1
Use the correct form of the verb in parantheses in each of the following sentences.
1. The teacher made Juan....(leave) the room. 2. Toshiko had her car....(repair) by a mechanic. 3. Ellen got Marvin....(type) her paper. 4. I made Jean....(call) her friend on the telephone. 5. We got our house.....(paint) last week.

6. Dr. Byrd is having the students.....(write) a composition.

7. The policemen made the suspect....(lie) on the ground. 8. Mark got his transcripts ....(send) to the university. 9. Maria is getting her hair.....(cut) tomorrow. 10. The teacher let Al....(leave) the classroom. 11. Maria got Ed....(wash) the pippetes. 12. Gene got his book....(publish) by a subsidy publisher.

EXERCISES 2
Rewrite the following sentences active and passive causative forms
1. 2.

3.
4. 5.

They have asked someone to wash the hut. The mechanic will repair the car for my father. Mother always asks the boys to make tidy their room. Cintya asked the doctor to examine her chest. Marry has asked her sister to send her letters.