Blood :

Blood is a specialized connective tissue that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen and transports waste products away from those same cells. Blood = Cell (45%) + Plasma (55%)

Cell : Cellular elements of blood that are formed from bone marrow Plasma : Blood plasma is a mixture of proteins, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, hormones and gases.

Cells Of Blood : Red blood cells Erythrocytes -Carres oxygen, nutrient and collects carbon dioxide and waste products White blood cells Leukocytes -Defends the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. Platelets Thrombocytes. -Forms blood clots to prevent excess blood loss

Blood Vessel : Blood vessel is an elastic tube or passage in the body through which blood circulates. They areArtery Arteries are the vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from heart to the different parts of body Vein Veins are the vessels that carries nonoxygenated blood from the different parts of body to the heart Capillary Capillaries are minute blood vessels that join the arterioles (Smallest division of artery) and venules (Smallest division of vein).

Blood Circulation The process of blood flow in our body Systemic circulation From heart to tissue & From tissue to heart Pulmonary circulation From heart to lung & From lung to heart Coronary circulation From heart to heart mscle & From heart muscle to heart

Heart : The organ which pumps blood through the body Layer of Heart : Three layers

Epicardium -- the outer layer Myocardium the middle layer Endocardium the inner layer

Chamber of Heart
Four chambers. 1. Right Atrium 2. Right Ventricle 3. Left Atrium 4. Left Ventricle Four valves

Tricuspid valve Bicuspid /mitral valve Pulmonary valve Aortic valve

How does blood circulate through the heart?

The deoxygenated blood enters through the inferior and superior vena-cava, flows into the right atrium, then to the right ventricle. After that it goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery and comes back through the right and left pulmonary veins into the left atrium. It then goes to the left ventricle and to the aorta where it is pumped throughout the body.

Lipid Organic compounds that are esters of fatty acids usually insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents 1. They are a source of stored energy and 2. They are a component of cell membranes Example : Cholesterol Triglyceride

Lipoprotein :
Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that are essential for the transport of cholesterol, triglycerides, and fat-soluble vitamins. Lipoproteins are 5 types 1. Chylomicrons 2. Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) 3. Intermediate Density Lipoprotein (IDL) 4. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Bad Cholesterol! 5. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Good Cholesterol

Normal Value of Different Cholesterol

LDL HDL TG (free) TC : : : : < 130mg/dl > 40 mg/dl < 150mg/dl < 200mg/dl

Cardiovascular Diseases Hyperlipidemia If the levels of lipids in the blood plasma is Elevated. This could be due to an increase in triglycerides, cholesterol, or both.

Atherosclerosis If fatty deposits called plaque, build up on the inner wall of the coronary arteries.

Hypertension
A repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 over 90 mmHg -- a systolic pressure above 140 with a diastolic pressure above 90.

Ischemia/Angina If the blood supply to the heart muscle is reduced, a heart attack can occur.

Heart attack A heart attack occurs when there is a severe blockage in an artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.