DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct and Indirect Speech, yang juga kita kenal dengan istilah lain yaitu Reported Speech. Direct Speect adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara dan jika ditulis kalimat tersebut akan diberi tanda kutip. Sedangkan Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain secara tidak langsung dan tanpa diberi koma.

DIRECT SPEECH Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense Future Continouos Tense

INDIRECT SPEECH Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Future Tense/Conditional Past Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous) Conditional if

Conditional if

Kalau reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan, present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke dalam bentuk lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanya,

Contoh : He said, The sun rises in the east He said that the sun rises in the east.

PERUBAHAN ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU) YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN:

Direct : Now Today Tonight This week Yesterday The day before yesterday Last night Last week/year A year ago Three years ago Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Next week/year On Sunday Here This book This These Over there *etc.

Indirect : Then That day That night That week The day before Two days before The night before The previous week/year A year before/The previous year Three years before The next day/The following day In two days time/The following day The following week/year On Sunday There The book That Those Over there

PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN AUXILIARIES (KATA BANTU) YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN: Can May Might Must biasa) *etc. Could Might Might Would have to (kegiatan yang akan datang)/had to (keharusan yang

Contoh: The man said, I must mend the wall next week The man said that he would have to mend the wall the following week. Pria itu mengatakan bahwa dia harus memperbaiki dinding minggu berikutnya. The girl said, I must wash my hands before eating The girl said that she had to wash her hands before eating. Gadis itu berkata bahwa dia harus mencuci tangannya sebelum makan.

Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:

1. Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan that He said, we will go to Singapore tomorrow He said that they would go to Singapore the next day. Bob said, Im a university student Bob said that he was a university student.

2. Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata to

sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. not to dalam perintah negatif.

He told me, wait for me ! He told me to wait for him. She told me, dont cheat anymore ! She told me not to cheat anymore.

3. Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis

yes or no question, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether.
Ina asked me, Do you really love me? Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her. Mixed type: Contoh: Anton asked me, whats happening to you ? You look so pale Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale. Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan.

Exercise
Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Change pronouns and expressions of time and place where necessary. 1. They said, "This is our book. 2. She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday. 3. He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow. 4. You said, "I will do this for him. 5. She said, "I am not hungry now. 6. They said, "We have never been here before. 7. They said, "We were in London last week. 8. He said, "I will have finished this paper by tomorrow. 9. He said, "They won't sleep. 10. She said, "It is very quiet here.

Exercise 2
Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns in some sentences.
1. "Don't touch it," she said to him. 2. "Don't do that again," he said to me. 3. "Don't talk to me like that," he said. 4. "Don't repair the computer yourself," she warned him. 5. "Don't let him in," she said. 6. "Don't go out without me," he begged her. 7. "Don't forget your bag," she told me. 8. "Don't eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said. 9. "Don't give yourself up," he advised her. 10."Don't hurt yourselves, boys," she said.

Type with interrogative without interrogative direct speech reported speech direct speech reported speech

Example Why dont you speak English? He asked me why I didnt speak English. Do you speak English? He asked me whether / if I spoke English

Direct Speech statement question with interrogative question without interrogative He said: She lives in London. He asked:Where does she live? He asked: Does she live in London?

Reported Speech He said that she lived in London He asked where she lived. He asked whether she lived in London. He asked if she lived in London.