ARTICLE 10 FEDERAL CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE 10
FREEDOM OF SPEECH , ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATION. (1) Subject to clause (2) (3) and (4) (a) every citizen has the right to freedom of speech and expression

ARTICLE 10
(2) Parliament may by law impose(a) on the rights conferred by paragraph (a) of clause (1) such restrictions as it deems necessary or expedient in the interest of the Federation or any part thereof ,friendly relation with other countries , public order or morality and restriction designed to protect the privileges of Parliament or any Legislative Assembly or to provide against contempt of court , defamation , or incitement to any offence.

ARTICLE 10
(4) In imposing restrictions in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part thereof or public order under clause ( 2) (a) , Parliament may pass law prohibiting the questioning of any matter , right , status , position , privilege , sovereignty or prerogative established or protected by the provisions of part III , Article 152 , 153 , or 181 otherwise than in relation to the implementation thereof as may be specified in such law.

RATIONALE OF ARTICLE 10
It is to give a citizen in this country right/ freedom , assembly and expression. On the contact of press freedom. It supposed to be they have their right on expressing their expression , to write and to speech. However , there are certain restrain/ restriction imposed on this freedom that can be clearly seen on clause (2) (a) and 4 (a) which press freedom are not been fully exercised.

OFFICIAL SECRETS ACT 1972

SECTION 2
Section 2 of the Act defines an official secret as any document specified in the schedule to the Act and any information and material relating thereto , as well as any other information , document or material that may classified as Top Secret , secret confidential or restricted by designated Ministerial official or designated public official .

SECTION 2
The schedule of the Act lists three categories of documents that are always considered official secret Cabinet records, records of decisions and deliberation including those of cabinet committees. State executive council documents , records of decision and deliberations including those of State Executive council committees . Document concerning national security ,defence and international relations.

SECTION 2A
This list may added to at any time by Ministerial Order.

SECTION 30A
Minister may make regulations to prescribe the manner of classifying information , documents and other material. However , the Act fails to provide any guiding principles to regulate or limit the kind of material that may be classified. the Act also fails to require a minimum level of seniority for the public official who may be designated to classify information of documents.

ANALYSIS
It can be fairly said that the amount of information subject to classification as a state secret is potentially unlimited. The list of document and information provided in the schedule is extremely broad , placing even formally adopted cabinet documents in the realm of secrecy. This is contrary to fundamental democratic principles of open government. It is also restrain the press freedom to spread the information to citizen because of broad categories of document in this OSA that might prohibit the media from release it.