ATM PRINCIPLE

Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Describe ATM cells Describe ATM connections and ATM switching Master the service types of ATM Describe the features of ATM network

OUTLINES

ATM overview Basic conception of ATM Features of ATM Protocol stacks of ATM

Service type of ATM

Interface of ATM network

The Purpose of ATM

Provide a high-speed, low

delay multiplexing

and switching network to support

any type of

user traffic, such as voice, data,or video

applications.

The differences between ATM and other technologies

Circuit switch connection oriented monopolize bandwidth resource of line

packet switch connectionless oriented sharing bandwidth resource of line ATM connection oriented fixed length packet switch

Connectionless and Connection Oriented

Connectionless switching network

Connection oriented ATM network

The Organization Relevant to ATM Standards

ITU-T
Q.2931/Q.2971, BISUP, I.610

ATM Forum
UNI3.1, UNI4.0, ILMI, PNNI, MPOA, VTOA, LANE

IETF
RFC1483, RFC1577, IP Switch, MPLS

OUTLINES

ATM overview Basic conception of ATM Features of ATM Protocol stacks of ATM

Service type of ATM

Interface of ATM network

ATM Cells
GFC (4) VPI (4) VCI (8) VCI (4) PT (3) CLP (1) HEC (8) VPI (4) VCI (4) VPI (4) VPI (8) VCI (4) VCI (8) VCI (4)

GFC: Generic flow control PT: Payload type

PT (3) CLP (1)

HEC (8)

CLP: Cell lose priority

HEC: Header error control VPI: Virtual path identifier

48byte payload

VCI: Virtual channel identifier

48 byte payload

ATM UNI cells

ATM NNI cells

VP and VC
Virtual Channel

Virtual Path ATM Virtual Channel Connection E3 OC-3 OC-12

Virtual Path
Virtual Channel

VCC

VP

VC

The label of virtual connection is VPI/VCI

ATM Connections

VCC VPC A

UNI

B NNI VC switch VPI = 1 VCI = 40

C NNI VP switch VPI = 2 VCI = 44

D UNI VC switch VPI = 3 VCI = 44 VPI = 4 VCI = 50

VP Switching and VC Switching

VC switching
VCI 1 VPI 1 VCI 2 VCI 3 VPI 3 VCI 4 VPI 2 VPI 2 Port 1 VCI 1 VCI 2 VPI 1 VPI 3 Port 2

VCI 4 VCI 3

VCI 1 VCI 2 VP switching

VCI 1 VPI 4 VPI 5

VCI 2 Port 3

ATM Switching
ATM switching
A A L A T M P H Y

ATM layer
VPI 2 1 VCI 37 51 1 2

UNI

Port 1 P H Y Port 2 P H Y

Port A T M A T M

VPI = 2 VCI = 37

NNI

ATM switching Port 3 P H Y UNI Port 4 P H Y A T M A T M 3 4

ATM layer VPI 1 3 VCI 51 39

Port

VPI = 3 VCI = 39 A A P A T H L M Y

ATM Connections
PVC: permanent virtual channel, A PVC in the usual meaning is a
VC that is not signaled by the end points. Both of the endpoint (user) VC values are manually provisioned. The link-by-link route through the network is also manually provisioned. If any equipment fails, the PVC is down, unless the underlying physical network (SONET, for example) can re-route below ATM.

SVC: A SVC is established by UNI signaling methods. So an SVC is

a demand connection initiated by the user. If a switch in the path fails, the SVC is broken and would have to be reconnected.

OUTLINES

ATM overview Basic conception of ATM Features of ATM Protocol stacks of ATM

Service type of ATM

Interface of ATM network

Features of ATM
Voice Data Video Cells

Connection oriented Fast packet switching Statistical multiplexer Supports voice, data and video service Provides QoS

The Traffic Contracts

Contract

Contract

ATM network

Contracts
Traffic parameters QoS parameters

Traffic Parameters

PCR
SCR MCR MBS

Peak Cell Rate

Sustainable Cell Rate Minimum Cell Rate Maximum Burst Size

QoS Parameters

MCTD: Maximum Cell Transfer Delay. average of a specified number

of cell transfer delays for one or more connections.

CDVT: Cell Delay Variation Tolerance. describes the variability of the

pattern of cell arrival for a given connection.

CLR: Cell Loss Ratio. lost cells/total transmitted cells.

Congestion Management of ATM Network

CAC: Connection Admission Control. A connection is granted when

the users traffic contract is examined, revealing that the connection can be supported through the whole network at its required QoS levels.

UPC: Usage Parameter Control. UPC operation is designed to

monitor and control traffic, and to check on the validity of the traffic entering the network.

OUTLINES

ATM overview Basic conception of ATM Features of ATM Protocol stacks of ATM

Service type of ATM

Interface of ATM network

ATM Protocol Stacks Mode

U s e r A A L

U s e r t r a f f i c A A L c o n t r o l A T M c o n t r o l P h y s i c a l c o n t r o l

U s e r A A L

A T M P h y s i c a l

A T M P h y s i c a l

e l l C e l l -C P h y s i c a l F l o w

The Function of Each Layer

CS Convergence sub layer

AAL
SAR

segment and resemble

ATM

Flow control processing the cell header

TC
Physical PM

Processing HEC, cell delimiting, transmission frame adaptation, and transmission frame generation/recovery.

AAL Type and BISDN Service

Application

Voice,video and circuit emulation

Data

Service of BISDN

Bit rate Connection mode Real time

constant

variable connectionless

Connection oriented Y N

Service of ATM

AAL

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3/4

Type 5

ATM network

ATM layer Physical layer

The Processing of Data

voice/video/data/picture

AAL+ATM

ATM cell

Frame of transmission
cell cell

Frame header

medium

IP Service In ATM Network

RFC1483B encapsulation RFC1483R encapsulation

Ethernet RFC1483 AAL

IP RFC1483 AAL

ATM
PH

ATM
PH

OUTLINES

ATM overview Basic conception of ATM Features of ATM Protocol stacks of ATM

Service type of ATM

Interface of ATM network

Service Type of ATM

CBR: Constant Bit Rate rt-VBR: Real Time Variable Bit Rate nrt-VBR: Not Real Time Variable Bit Rate ABR: Available Bit Rate UBR: Unspecified Bit Rate

CBR Service
Traffic parameter QoS
Tolerance

low

high

PCR
Cell loss Cell delay and cell delay variation

cost 5 byte cell header

Voice and video

1 byte

47 byte payload

VBR Service

Traffic parameter

QoS
Tolerance

PCR SCR MBS

LOW

HIGH

Cell lose (RT)

Cell lose (NRT)

Voice and video

UBR Service
Traffic parameter QoS
Tolerance

NO QoS

low

high

Cell relay variation Cell lose

WAN

ABR Service
Traffic parameter QoS
Tolerance

PCR

low

high

MCR
Cell loss Cell delay variation

Overhead 5 Byte Header 48 Byte Payload

No cell overhead Uses congestion feedback instead

LAN

OUTLINES

ATM overview Basic conception of ATM Features of ATM Protocol stacks of ATM

Service type of ATM

Interface of ATM network

ATM Network and Interface

UNI B-ICI UNI

NNI

ATM public network

NNI NNI ATM private network

Signaling of ATM Network

ILMI4.0

PNNI1.0/IISP
UNI3.0/UNI3.1/UNI4.0

QUESTIONS
1. Whats the function of each byte in the ATM cell header? 2. How does the ATM switch implement the ATM switching? 3. Which services are AAL1 and AAL5 used respectively to adapt? 4. Which data packets do RFC1483B and RFC1483R respectively encapsulate? 5. Which applications do CBR and UBR respectively support?