by Leby A.

Fastidio

 T test

Independent t test

Dependent t test
ANOVA

One Way ANOVA

Objectives
The independent t-test compares the means

between two unrelated groups on the same continuous, dependent variable. The SPSS ttest procedure allows the testing of equality of variances (Levene's test) and the t-value for both equal- and unequal-variance. It also provides the relevant descriptive statistics.

Assumptions
Independent variable consists of two

independent groups. Dependent variable is either interval or ratio. Dependent variable is approximately normally distributed Similiar variances between the two groups (homogeneity of variances).

Null Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between the

academic performance of the male and the female.

Alternative Hypothesis
There is a significant difference between the

academic performance of the male and the female.

Click Analyze > Compare Means > Independent-Samples T Test... on the top menu as shown below.

A dialog box will appear:

Put the Academic Performance" variable into the "Test Variable(s):" box and the Gender" variable into the "Grouping Variable:" box by highlighting the relevant variables and pressing the buttons.

You need to define the groups (gender). Click the button. Another dialog box will appear.

Enter 0" into the "Group 1:" box and enter 1" into the "Group 2:" box. Remember that we labeled the Male group as 0" and the Female group as 1".

Click the button. If you need to change the confidence level limits, or change how to exclude cases then press the button.

Youll be presented with this:

Then click the button. Click the button.

You will be presented with two tables containing all the data generated by the Independent t-test procedure in SPSS.

Group Statistics Table - This table provides useful

descriptive statistics for the two groups that you compared including the mean and standard deviation.

 Independent Samples Test Table - This table

provides the actual results from the independent t-test and Levine's Test for Equality of Variances.

Objectives
The dependent t-test (called the Paired-Samples T

Test in SPSS) compares the means between two related groups on the same continuous variable. The SPSS t-test procedure also provides relevant descriptive statistics.

Assumptions
Dependent variable is interval or ratio

(continuous) The differences between the two groups on the dependent t-test approximately normally distributed Independent variable consists of one group or two "matched-pairs" groups.

Null Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between the

Pre-Test and the Post-test Performance.

Alternative Hypothesis
There is a significant difference between the Pre-

Test and the Post-test Performance.

Null Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between the

variance of the Pre-Test and the Post-test Performance.

Alternative Hypothesis
There is a significant difference between the

variance of the Pre-Test and the Post-test Performance.

Click Analyze > Compare Means > PairedSamples T Test... on the top menu.

Another dialog box will appear:

You need to transfer the variables Pre-Test" and Post-Test" into the "Paired Variables:" box. There are two ways to do this. You can either highlight both variables (use the cursor and hold down the shift key and press the button or you can drag and drop each variable into the boxes) If you are using older versions of SPSS, you will need to transfer the variables using the former method.

Youll end up with a similar screen like this:

If you need to change the confidence level limits, or change how to exclude cases then press the button. Youll be presented with this:

Then click the button. Click the button to generate the result.

You will be presented with 3 tables in the output viewer under the title "T-Test" but you only need to look at two tables - Paired Sample Statistics Table and the Paired Samples Test table
Paired Sample Statistics Table - The first table

titled Paired Sample Statistics is where SPSS has generated descriptive statistics for your variables.

The first table is shown below:

The second table titled Paired Samples Correlations provides you with the correlation between Pretest" and Posttest".

 Paired Samples Test Table - is the table where the

results of the dependent t-test are presented. As such, the columns of the table labelled "Mean", "Std. Deviation", "Std. Error Mean", 95% CI refer to the mean difference between the two jumps and the standard deviation, standard error and 95% CI of this difference, respectively. The last 3 columns express the results of the dependent ttest, namely the t-value, the degrees of freedom and the significance level.

The table is shown below: