Exercise 13:

RESPIRATION
Presented by: CHLOROPHYLL group (MHAB-2) Kim Harvey Maramot // Danna Lorraine Decena // Shaira San Pedro // Richedlhyne Orbeta

INTRODUCTION
Respiration, in the presence of O2,is the process that breaks down complex carbon compounds like glucose into simpler molecules that simultaneously generates ATP and releases CO2 and H2O to sustain organisms life. In eukaryotic cells, cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (Mauseth, 2009).

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INTRODUCTION
In plants, it is the burning of photosynthates (chemical products of photosynthesis) for energy to grow and to do the internal work of living (Whiting, 2010).

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INTRODUCTION
The chemical representation of respiration is:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = energy* + 6CO2 + 6H2O

*usually in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

To demonstrate, observe and describe how plants use O2 To demonstrate heat production by germinating seeds To demonstrate and describe the production of CO2 by soaked seeds

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

A. USE OF OXYGEN

Moist absorbent cotton was put in a 250 cc bottle (Gatorade bottle can be used). Thereafter, 1/3 of the bottle was filled with germinating mongo seeds.

Then, the short arm of the surgical tube (in place of U glass) was inserted into a hole made in the bottles cover.

*KOH

Afterwards, a small vial with 10 % Potassium hydroxide* was suspended and hooked to the bottle cover using string and bent pin.

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Consequently, clay was used to air tight the hole in the bottles cover

A. USE OF OXYGEN

Meanwhile, the long arm of the surgical tube (50 cm) was inserted in another bottle (Gatorade bottle) of water with few drops of phenol red.

NOTE: How were the seeds killed? Germinating seeds were boiled and soaked in 10% Formalin solution

Controlled set-up was also prepared by repeating the same procedures above but killed mongo seeds were used instead of germinating seeds. Finally, the set-ups were observed after 4 days.

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

B. Production of Heat Energy

For set-up A, 1/3 of the styrofoam cup (in place of thermoflask) was filled with germinating mongo seeds. Then, thermometer was inserted into the hole of the cup. Consequently, clay was used to air tight the hole.

Moreover, set-up B was prepared by repeating the same procedures above but dry mongo seeds were used instead of germinating mongo seeds.

Finally, the set-ups were observed right after the preparation, after 30 minutes and after 1 hour. Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

C. Production of Carbon Dioxide

of bottle (Gatorade bottle) was filled with soaked mongo seeds (soaked overnight).

Then, of a similar bottle was filled with lime water and bromthymol blue.

Surgical tube (in place of U glass) was inserted into the bottles and clay was used to air tight the holes of the bottles covers.

Lastly, the set-up was observed after 4 days.

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Observations Decrease of water level; red color turned to yellow; presence of precipitate in vial with KOH Control There was no change. TABLE 1. Use of Oxygen

Set-up A

Table 1 shows the results on the use of oxygen of plants. In set up A, the water level decreased and the red color caused by few drops of phenol red turned to yellow. On the other hand, in controlled set-up, there was no change. Changes were observed in the set-up wherein germinating mongo seeds were used while no changes were observed in the controlled set-up wherein killed mongo seeds were used.
Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Set-up A (left) & Control set-up (right) BEFORE

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Set-up A (left) & Control set-up (right) AFTER Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Set-up A of all groups

Control set-up of all groups

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Set-up A B

Temperature at start 28.5 31.5

Temperature after 30 min 29 28.5

Temperature after 1 hour 29.75 28.25

TABLE 2. Production of Heat Energy

Table 2 shows the results on the production of heat energy by germinating seeds (mongo). In set-up A, there was an increase of temperature. On the other hand, in setup B, there was a decrease or little change of temperature. Increase in temperature was observed in the set-up wherein germinating mongo seeds were used while decrease or little change in temperature was observed in the set-up wherein dry seeds were used.
Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

The Set-up *c/o Glasses group

Germinating seeds

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Set-up A

Observations Blue color turned to lime green/ yellow; precipitates formed.

TABLE 3. Production of Carbon Dioxide

Table 3 shows the results on the production of carbo dioxide by germinating seeds. In the set-up, the blue colo caused by bromthymol blue turned to lime green/light yellow an precipitates were formed.

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

The AFTER Set-up

The BEFORE Set-up

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Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

If you place a living organism in a closed system, it is possible to observe how it intakes oxygen (Bewley and Black, 1985). In the experiment conducted, germinating seeds were used to observe how oxygen is used by plants. Accordingly, many factors affected the respiration and germination of the seeds (Bewley and Black, 1985). One, the water in the moist cotton was used to provide the necessary amount of water for germination and respiration since water is needed in order for plants to respire and germinate (Mauseth,2009).
Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Another, the vial with 10% potassium hydroxide was suspended in the bottle containing water. Normally, there would be roughly a 1:1 correspondence between the number of oxygen molecules consumed and the number of carbon dioxide produced by respiration. In the conducted experiment, the concern is the use of oxygen by plants. Thus, potassium hydroxide was included in the experiment since it absorbs carbon dioxide and forms potassium carbonate precipitate (Ledig, 1924). Also, capillarity occurs such that column of liquid moves in a corresponding amount when there is a decrease of air pressure (Ledig, 1924). Thus in the experiment, decrease of water level was evident.
Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Moreover, it was also observed that the red color of water caused of phenol red turned yellow. It is known that phenol red turns yellow in a pH lower than 7 (acidic) when there is a carbon source, orange when pH is 7 (neutral) and pink when pH is greater than 7 (basic) (Tamura and Maeda, 1997). Thus, a carbon source in the experiment was present. The carbon dioxide expelled by the respiration caused the water to be acidic since it is not possible that the potassium hydroxide absorbs all the carbon dioxide(Ledig, 1924).

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Meanwhile, no changes were observed in set-up B since killed seeds were used in this set-up. It is known that only living organism can respire, photosynthesis in the case of plants, transport food and water and other metabolism (Mauseth,2009).

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Production of heat energy causes the increase in temperature. In set-up A, germinating mongo seeds caused the rise of temperature as seen in the thermometer. Heat energy was produced as the germinating seeds respire since energy is another product of respiration (Mauseth,2009). Meanwhile, there was almost no change in temperature in the controlled set-up since dry seeds were used in this set-up. Seeds without water cant germinate (Mauseth,2009).

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Carbon dioxide is expelled when organisms respire (Mauseth,2009). In the set-up prepared, it was observed that the limewater with bromthymol blue turned to yellow. It is known that bromthymol blue is a pH indicator that when a turn to green-yellow occurred, pH is lower than 7 and when blue or darker blue, pH is greater than 7. Meanwhile, limewater is an indicator of presence of carbon dioxide when precipitates of calcium carbonate form (Shakhashiri, 1983).

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In the experiment, as carbon dioxide dissolves in the solution, it produces carbonic acid. Thus as the carbonic acid concentration increases, the pH lowers, bromthymol blue turns yellow. Moreover, when carbon dioxide dissolved in the solution, carbon dioxide reacts with limewater producing a precipitate, calcium carbonate. Meanwhile, the seeds were soaked overnight since water is needed in order for plants to respire and germinate (Mauseth,2009).

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Chlorophyll Group 2012-2013 // Maramot-Decena-Orbeta-San Pedro // Bio21Lab MHAB-2

Plants (germinating mongo seeds in the case of the experiment) use oxygen to respire (Mauseth, 2009).In the experiment, the decrease of water level suggests that oxygen was absorbed since potassium hydroxide absorbed carbon dioxide, it is certain that the lowering of air pressure is caused by the absorption of oxygen only. Plants undergo an aerobic respiration wherein oxygen is needed. As plants absorb oxygen from the surroundings (air or water), breakdown of carbon compounds occurs and carbon dioxide, energy, and water are the products (Mauseth, 2009).

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Thus, evident in the experiment, heat energy is one of the products of respiration since there was an increase of temperature when germinating mongo seeds were put in a closed system. Also, carbon dioxide is a product of respiration since the bromthymol blue turned yellow and precipitation formed when soaked seeds were placed in a close system. Killed seeds cant respire while germinating seeds can. Also, dry seeds cant respire compared to soaked seeds that can. Thus, it can be inferred that water is essential for seeds to germinate and respire (Mauseth, 2009).

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BBC - KS3 Bitesize: Science - Food Chains - Respiration in plants. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/organisms_behavi our_health/food_ chains/revise4.shtml) Bewley,J.D., and M. Black. 1985. Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination. Plenum, New York. Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens. (http://huntington.org/) Lab 5 Cellular Respiration. (http://www.biologyjunction.com/lab5cellularrespirationbykr.htm)

Ledig, P. 1924. Industrial Engineering Chemistry.

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Mauseth, J. 1998. Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology. Saunders. Shakhashiri, B. Z. 1983. Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry. University of Winsconsin Press. Tamura, Z., and Maeda M. 1997.Differences between phthaleins and sulfonphthaleins. Whiting, David, et.al. Plant Growth Factors: Photosynthesis, Respiration and Transpiration. (http://www.cmg.colostate.edu/gardennotes/141.html#respiration)

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THANK YOU!

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