PHYSICAL SECURITY

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
Definition of Physical Security Levels of Physical Security Types of Barriers Basic Concepts of Physical Security

Structural Barriers
Additional Features to Ensure Fence Effectiveness

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
Animal Barriers Personnel ID and Control Personnel ID System of Employment Communication System

Alarm System

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
Fire Prevention and Firefighting Facilities Fire Prevention Program Consideration Types of Fire

Physical Security
System of barriers placed between the potential intruder and the matter to be protected. It is also said to be the foundation of security.

LEVELS OF SECURITY
Minimum Low-level Meduim High-level Maximum

Minimum security
is designed to impede unauthorized external activity, which may be in the form of simple intrusion or a serious armed attack. (ex. Doors, windows and lock system)

Low-level security
Is designed to impede and detect some unauthorized activity that threatens safety. (ex. Physical barriers and alarm system)

Medium level security

is designed to impede, detect and assess most unauthorized external and internal activities. The system should have the following features:

An advanced intrusion device monitored 24 hours.

A physical barrier and/or guard dog securing beyond the confines of the asset being protected.
A detailed security personnel (Military Police, sentinel)

High-level security
is designed to impede, detect and assess unauthorized external and internal activities. This system is composed of all the measures and devices incorporated in the three (3) levels cited plus:

CCTV

Alarm system
Security lighting system Roving patrols

Electronic control restriction access system

Alert team

Maximum security
Is designed to impede, detect, assess and neutralize all unauthorized external and internal activities.

 This system consists of all previously-cited resources and should incorporate the following:

A highly-sensitive, sophisticated and advanced alarm system.

A highly trained and wellscreened QRF detailed 24 hours.

Maximum security
Is security in depth, a system designed with sufficient diversity and redundancy to allow the strength of one particular component to offset the weakness of another.

Basic Concepts of Physical Security

Enemy agent must have access. There is no impenetrable barrier. Physical security will be achieved through a system of defense in depth. Security against surreptitious entry and non-surreptitious entry. Each installation is different.

Types of Barriers
Natural - rivers, cliff, ravines, etc Structural - fence, walls, ceiling, etc Human - guards, charge of quarters, etc Energy - lighting & protective alarm system Animal - guard dogs or sentry dogs

NATURAL BARRIERS
Must be considered from both the standpoint of their value as a barrier to the intruder and from the standpoint of their values to the intruder as cover and concealment.

NATURAL BARRIERS
Example:

River Cliff Ravine

STRUCTURAL BARRIERS
Features constructed by man, regardless of the original intent, that tend to delay the intruder.

STRUCTURAL BARRIERS
Examples:

Fences Walls Floors Ceiling, etc.

TWO GENERAL TYPES OF FENCES

Solid Fence
Full-view Fence

SOLID FENCE
Constructed in opaque materials. Denying visual access through the fence structure while providing access control from either direction.

SOLID FENCE
ADVANTAGES: Denies visual access of the installation to the intruder. Denies the intruder the opportunity to become familiar with the personnel, activities and the time schedule of the movement of the guards on the installation.

SOLID FENCE
DISADVANTAGES: It prevents the installation guards for observing the area around the installation. It creates shadows which may be used by the intruder for cover and concealment.

FULL VIEW FENCE

Constructed allowing visual access through the fence structure while controlling physical access between two (2) areas.

FULL VIEW FENCE

ADVANTAGES: Roving patrols and stationary guards are able to keep the area surrounding the installation under observation. It does not create shadows which would provide cover and concealment for the intruder.

FULL VIEW FENCE

DISADVANTAGES:

It allows visual access to the installation, its personnel, its guards and its activities.

FULL VIEW FENCE

DISADVANTAGES:

It allows the intruder to become familiar with the movement and time schedule of the guard patrols therefore allowing him to pick the time attempting penetration which would be most advantageous to him.

Multiple Fences
Two or more fences parallel to each other and used as perimeter barrier.

At least 10 feet and should not exceed 150 feet.

Usually made of the full view type.

Additional Features to Ensure Fence Effectiveness

An overhang for a full view fence; 45 degrees towards the approach, not less 20 feet in length and 3 strands of barbed wire.
Broken glass or sharp metal spikes on solid fence.

Additional Features to Ensure Fence Effectiveness

Clear zones on both sides of the fence: 150 feet outside; 20 feet from nearest wall of any building. Gates limited to the number necessary for efficiency and safer operation.

HUMAN BARRIER
Refers to guards, charge of quarters, ODs, office and shop workers, etc, who stand between the intruder and the matter to be protected.

HUMAN BARRIER
FUNCTIONS:

Detect Intruders.

Sound the Alarm.

Apprehend unauthorized personnel. Identify Personnel.

ANIMAL BARRIERS
Normally the use of dogs complement the human guards especially with dogs capability in sight, smell and hearing.

ENERGY BARRIERS
Employment of mechanical, electrical or electronic energy to impose a deterrent to the entry by the potential intruder or to provide advertisement of his presence.

ENERGY BARRIERS
EXAMPLE:

protective lighting. protective alarm system.

Personnel Control and Identification

TYPES OF IDENTIFICATION Personal recognition is the most effective.

Artificial identification Badges, Passes, ID etc.

Personnel Control and Identification

SYSTEM OF EMPLOYMENT Single pass or badge system Pass and badge system combined

Multiple pass system

Spot magnetized identification Access list

Personnel Control and Identification

VISITORS CONTROL Escort Timed Travel Visitors Log Visitor Entrances

Personnel Control and Identification

IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONNEL AFP Military Personnel ID Cards. DND-AFP Civilian Personnel ID Cards AFP Dependents ID Cards

AFP Non-Organic Personnel ID

Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting Facilities

Should be included in the Physical Security program because a fire can completely neutralize an installation.

Fire Prevention Program Consideration

Personnel qualification Organization Equipment Alarm Reserve force Fire prevention Reduction of fire damage

Types of Fire
Type A - fire caused by combustible materials. Type B - fire caused by gasoline, petroleum, oil or kerosene. Type C - electrical fire.

Type D - metal fire

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
There must be a communication center designated as exclusion area with rigid control.

ALARM SYSTEM
Must prevent disorder and confusion in case of emergency.

SUMMARY OF PRESENTATION
Definition of Physical Security Types of Barriers Basic Concepts of Physical Security Structural Barriers

Additional Features to Ensure Fence Effectiveness

SUMMARY OF PRESENTATION
Animal Barriers Personnel ID and Control Personnel ID System of Employment Communication System

Alarm System

SUMMARY OF PRESENTATION
Fire Prevention and Firefighting Facilities Fire Prevention Program Consideration Types of Fire