Dr: Azza Zaki

Male Reproductive System

Dr: Azza Zaki

 Male
Reproductive
System Primar
y
Sex Organ
Testis
Accessory Sex Organs

Genital Ducts:
External Genitalia Genital Glands:
Epididymis
Penis: Organ of Prostate
Vas deferens
Copulation Ejaculatory duct
Seminal vesicle
Scrotum Bulbourethral
Urethra
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Function of the Male Reproductive System
 Primary sex organs:
 Gonads (testes):
produced:
 Gametes: sperms
 Sex hormone:
testosterone
 Genital Ducts: store
sperm &transport sperms
 Accessory glands:
secrete substances
that nourish the sperms
 External genitalia:
 Penis: organ of copulation
 Scrotum: protect testis
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Testes
They are the 1ry
sex organ which
produce:
 spermatozoa
(exocrine function)
& testosterone
hormone (endocrine
function).
Location:
 small oval organ
located in the
scrotum suspended
by spermatic cord Dr: Azza Zaki
 Coverings Of The Testes
 Each testis has
the following
coverings:
 3 capsules:
 tunica vasculosa
 tunica albuginia:
fibrous layer, which
thickened posteriorly
to form mediastinum
testis
 tunica vaginalis:
serous layer
,which has
visceral & parietal
layers
Dr: Azza Zaki
3 coats derived
from anterior
abdominal wall:
 Internal spermatic
fascia: derived from
the fascia
transversalis
 Cremasteric muscle
and fascia: derived
from the internal
oblique muscle
 External spermatic
fascia: derived from
the external
spermatic
aponeurosis
Dr: Azza Zaki
 The Covering Of The Testis
(From Outside To Inside)
1) Skin (scrotum)
2) Dartos muscle
3) Colle's fascia
4) External spermatic fascia
5) Cremasteric muscle & fascia
6) Internal spermatic fascia
7) Tunica vaginalis:
– parietal layer & visceral layer
8) Tunica albuginea (fibrous capsule)
9) Tunica vasculosa

Dr: Azza Zaki

The Covering Of The Testis
(From Outside To Inside)

Dr: Azza Zaki

Internal Structure Of The Testis
From the
medistinum testis
septa arise and
dividing the testis
into 250 lobules
each lobule
contains 1-4
convoluted
seminiferous
tubules(60 cm in
length)
Dr: Azza Zaki
• Connective tissue
between the tubules
contains interstitial
cells of Leydig which
secrete testosterone
• Spermatogenic cells:
produce sperms
• Sertoli cells: supporting
• The seminiferous
tubules join to form
straight tubules
called tubuli recti
• Which break into a
network of canaliculi
called rete testis.
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Blood Supply
Arterial supply:
Testicular artery
which is a branch from
abdominal aorta at the level
of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.
Venous drainage:
pampiniform plexus of veins,
becomes:
The right testicular vein
&drains into the inferior
vena cava,
 left testicular vein drains
into the left renal vein Dr: Azza Zaki
 Lymph Drainage of the Testis &
Scrotum
• The lymph drainage of the testis and
epididymis is into the lumbar or paraaortic
lymph nodes at the level of the first lumbar
vertebra.
• The lymph drainage of the scrotal wall is
into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

Dr: Azza Zaki

 Clinical Notes:1-Varicocele
 A varicocele is a condition
in which the veins of the
pampiniform plexus are
elongated ,dilated and
tortuous.
 It is a common disorder in
young adults, with most
occurring on the left side.
 This is thought to be
because the right
testicular vein joins the
low-pressure inferior vena
cava, whereas the left
vein joins the left renal
vein, in which the venous
pressure is higher.
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Cryptorchidism: Undescended Testis:

• One of the testes may fail to descend into

the scrotum during development.
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Imperfect descent (Cryptorchidism)
• Incomplete descent:
• in which the testis, although traveling down its normal path,
fails to reach the floor of the scrotum. It may be found within
• The abdomen, within the inguinal canal, at the superficial
inguinal ring, or high up in the scrotum.
• It is necessary for the testes to leave the abdominal cavity
because the temperature there retards the normal process
of spermatogenesis. If an incompletely descended testis is
brought down into the scrotum by surgery before puberty, it
will develop and function normally. A maldescended testis,
although often developing normally, is susceptible to
traumatic injury and, for this reason, should be placed in the
scrotum.
The incidence of tumor formation is greater in testes that
have not descended into the scrotum.
Dr: Azza Zaki
• Hydrocele: This is an
accumulation of fluid
within the tunica
vaginalis.
• The indirect inguinal
hernia: the protrusion of
part of the abdominal
contents into the
inguinal canal &scrotum
• It is congenital in origin
(the remains of the
processus vaginalis).
The hernial sac enters
the inguinal canal
through the deep
inguinal ring and lateral
to the inferior epigastric
vessels. The hernial sac Scrotal swelling: Varicocele,
may extend down into Inguinal hernia, Hydrocele or
the scrotum testicular tumor
Dr: Azza Zaki
 The Scrotum
• It is a sac of dark
& wrinkled skin
• It is divided by a
septum into right
& left
compartments,
each of which
enclose:
• a testis
• The epididymis
• The lower end of
the spermatic
cord
Dr: Azza Zaki
• The wall of the scrotum has
the following layers:
• Skin; dartos muscle; Colles’
fascia; external spermatic
fascia; cremastric muscle
&fascia; internal spermatic
fascia& tunica vaginalis
• the dartos muscle is
innervated by sympathetic
nerve &contraction of dartos
muscle wrinkles the scrotum
& reducing heat loss.
The external location of the testis in the scrotum brings the tests in
an environment with a temperature less than the body by 1.5-2
degree, a condition necessary for the development & storage of
the sperms. Dr: Azza Zaki
 Spermatic Cord
• The spermatic cord is a collection of
structures that pass through the
inguinal canal to and from the testis.
• It is covered with 3 concentric layers
of fascia derived from the layers of
the anterior abdominal wall.
• It begins at the deep inguinal ring&
ends at the testis.
• Structures of the Spermatic Cord:
 Vas (ductus) deferens
 Testicular artery
 testicular vein (Pampiniform plexus)
 Testicular nerve (Autonomic)
 Testicular lymph vessels
 Remains of processus vaginalis
Dr: Azza Zaki
 The Coverings Of The
Spermatic Cord
 External spermatic fascia: is derived from
the external oblique aponeurosis
Cremasteric muscle & fascia: derived from
the internal oblique muscle
Internal spermatic fascia: is derived from
transversalis fascia

Dr: Azza Zaki

 Pathway of Sperm
• Seminiferous tubules
• Rete testis
• Epididymis
• Vas (ductus) deferens
• Ampulla of vas deferens
• Ejaculatory duct
• Prostatic urethra
• Membranous urethra
• Penile (spongy) urethra
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Genital Ducts
• Conduct the sperms
from the testis to the
urethra.
• They allow the
maturation & storage
of spermatozoa
• They include:
 Tubuli recti.
 Rete testis.
 Efferent ductules.
 Duct of Epididymis
 Vas deferens
 Ejaculatory ducts
 urethra
Dr: Azza Zaki
• It is a highly coiled tube Epididymis
6 meters)
• Forms a comma-
comma
shaped structure in
relation to the posterior
part of testis.
• It is formed of the
following parts:
• Head: the upper part
that forms a cap around
the upper pole of the
testis.
• Body: the middle part
behind the testis. •The sperms stored &
• Tail: the lower part complete their maturation in
which is continuous with epididymis until ejaculation.
the vas deferens. Dr: Azza Zaki
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Vas Deferens
• It Is a cord like structure 45
cm tube with thick muscular
wall
• It transmits the sperms from
the epididymis to the
ejaculatory duct.
• 1-It begins in the scrotum as
a continuation of the tail of the
epididymis behind the testis.
• It ascends in the spermatic
cord
• 2- It enters the inguinal canal
• At the deep inguinal ring, it
hooks around the lateral side
of the inferior epigastric artery
to enter the pelvis. Dr: Azza Zaki
 3-Then, it passes on the side wall of pelvis
crossing the following from above down:
• External iliac vessels
• Umbilical artery
• Obturator nerve & vessels
– Then, it passes medially crossing over the
ureter and descends behind the base of urinary
bladder medial to seminal vesicle where it
forms the ampulla of vas.
• It join the duct of seminal vesicle to form
ejaculatory duct.
• Vasectomy: male sterilization is done by
vasectomy, where a short segment of vas is cut
through an incision in the upper part of the
scrotum .
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Ejaculatory Duct
Formed by union of
the ampulla of the
vas deferens with
the duct of the
seminal vesicle.
vesicle
It opens in the
prostatic urethra.
urethra
Urethra:
Is a common
passageway for
urine and semen.
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Accessory Glands
• Are the glands that
secrete substances into
the passageways that
transport sperms.
• These substances
contribute to liquid part
of semen.
• They include:
• Seminal vesicle
• Prostate
• Bulbourethral
(Cowper’s) glands
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Seminal Vesicle
They are in the form of
sacculated glands 5 cm long
 lying behind the urinary
bladder, lateral to the ampulla
of vas & anterior to the rectum.
Formed of highly coiled tube
Its duct joins the vas
deferens to form ejaculatory
duct
Its secretion constituting 60%
of semen. This secretion is
alkaline & contains fructose.
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Prostate Gland
 Single gland (2,3,4cm)
 Site: lies below the
neck of urinary
bladder
 behind the lower
border of symphysis
pubis
 surrounding the upper
part of the urethra
(prostatic urethra).
• Shape: inverted cone
which has:
– Apex.
– Base.
– 4 surfaces. Dr: Azza Zaki
• Apex: directed downwards
• Base: directed upwards. It is directly with the bladder neck.
It is pierced by the urethra
– Posterior surface: related to ampulla of rectum
– It is pierced by 2 ejaculatory ducts
– Anterior surface:
lies behind
the lower
border of
Symphysis
pubis

Dr: Azza Zaki


Prostate
Its ducts open along the
Gland
urethral crest
 It produces an acidic
secretion, which is add to
the (25%) semen during
ejaculation
 The urethra & 2 ejaculatory
ducts traverse the prostate;
dividing it into 5 lobes:
Lobes:1. Median: It lies between
the urethra and the 2
ejaculatory ducts. It
projects inside the urinary
bladder forming “uvula
vesicae” just behind the
internal urethral meatus.
It contains much glandular
tissue (common site of
adenoma). 2.Anterior,
3.Posterior 4.Right & 5. left
lateral lobes Dr: Azza Zaki
 Hypertrophy Of Prostate With Age
 The prostate
undergo
hypertrophy with
age (50 y) resulting
in benign
hyperplasia, a
condition that may
constrict the
urethra resulting Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands:
in difficulty in They are small gland that lie on either side of
urination membranous urethra. They open into penile
 Per rectal urethra. They produce alkaline secretion that
examination of protecting the sperms & lubricate the tip of the
penis
the prostate
Dr: Azza Zaki
Dr: Azza Zaki
 Penis: Erectile Bodies
It is the Glans
Erection is by
copulatory Corpora parasympathetic
cavernosa nerves.
organ in Ejaculation: is
man that by sympathetic
Corpus nerves.
passes spongiosum
urine &
semen.
Bulb of penis
It is a
highly Crus of penis

vascular
cylindrical
organ Dr: Azza Zaki
• It consists of a :
• Root: that attach
penis to perineum
• A body (shaft):
• Glans penis:
enlarged end of
the body.
Prepuce
(foreskin):
partially covers
glans and
surrounds
external urethral
meatus (may be
removed in
circumcision) Dr: Azza Zaki
 Internal Structure Of The Penis
• It consists of 3
masses of
erectile tissue:
• 2 corpora
cavernosa
• Corpus
spongiosum: is
traversed by
the urethra &
its posterior
end expand to
form the bulb
of the penis.

Dr: Azza Zaki

Dr: Azza Zaki