Advanced ECLIPSE Course

Network Options

Purpose
Extension of P/Q relationships from well head to pipelines

Variable THP limits to group of wells depend on the groups flow rates according to a
set of pipe line pressure loss relationships

Facilities to simulate practical facilities/processes:

sub-sea completion manifold Automatic compressors/pumps Automatic chokes

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Well Inflow/Outflow Performance

Tubing

Operating point

Pi

Production Rate
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Node Inflow/outflow Performance

Operating point

Flow rate
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Network Segment Example

Fixed P0

Q1

DP1

Wellbore Segment

P1=P0+ DP1
Q2, DP2 P2=P1+ DP2 Q3, DP3 P3=P1+ DP3

THP1>=P2

THP2>=P3

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Facilities in Network Option

Standard Network: the network structure is the same as the group
control hierarchy Pumps/compressors Gas lift

Extended Network: the network structure is independent of the

group control hierarchy Multi-level compressors Automatic chokes

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Group Control in the Network (1)

Standard procedure for group control

wells THP limits set to the groups

nodal pressure group target rate is allocated to wells proportional to their guide rates if some wells cannot produce their shares, other wells make up the rest wells THPs are different and > groups nodal pressure => wells chokes between well head and group node

Groups nodal pressure

Wells Choke Wells Choke Wells Choke

Wells THP

Wells THP

Wells THP

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Group Control in the Network(2)

Group control for sub-sea manifolds

Wells are under a common THP control The THP is such that the groups target can be
met Equivalent to applying a group choke If the THP<groups nodal pressure(GNP), then wells are under GNP control -> the group cannot meet target

Groups nodal pressure

Groups Choke Wells common THP

Well

Well

Well

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How to set up a Standard Network

1.
2.

Assign VFP tables to wells (item 11 of WCONPROD) Define the multi-level grouping tree

GRUPTREE -- Son Father GR-A1 PLAT-A / GR-A2 PLAT-A / GR-B1 PLAT-B / GR-B2 PLAT-B /

FIELD

PLAT-A

PLAT-B

/
GR-A1 GR-A2 GR-B1 GR-B2

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How to set up a Standard Network

3. Define the production network GRUPNET -- Group Fixed VFP ALQ Manifold Include ALQ= -- Name Pressure Tab (Pump Power) Group? Lift Gas? Dens? PLAT-* 300 / GR-A1 1* 1 1* YES / GR-A2 1* 2 1* YES / GR-B1 1* 3 1* YES / GR-B2 1* 3 1* YES / Platforms have fixed pressure 300 PSIA Four well groups are sub-sea completion manifold VFP table no. = 9999: no pressure loss Include lift gas flows in the groups pipeline?

FIELD

NO - No, only gas from reservoir FLO - yes & used as FLO for VFP lookup ALQ - yes & used as ALQ for VFP lookup lift gas = sum (ALQ) * WEFAC

PLAT-A

PLAT-B

GR-A1

GR-A2

GR-B1

GR-B2

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How to set up a Standard Network

FIELD
4. Define an injection network GNETINJE -- Group Network Fixed -- Name Phase Pressure PLAT-B WATER 14.7 GR-B2 WATER 1*

VFP Tab / 2 /

PLAT-A

PLAT-B

GR-A1

GR-A2

GR-B1

GR-B2

Platform B has fixed pressure 14.7 psia - the pump inlet pressure GR-B2 contains water injectors which are under THP (outlet pres) control The injection network is separate from the production network Group PLAT-B & GB-B2 could have two independent node pressures Remember to assign VFP tables for the injectors(item 9 of WCONINJE)

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How to set up a Standard Network

5. Set production rate targets and limits for any group (optional)

GCONPROD -- Group CNTL OIL WATER -- Name MODE RATE RATE FIELD ORAT 50000 / PLAT* NONE 1* 10000 GR* NONE 5* /

GAS RATE / 2*

LIQU RATE

LIMIT ACTION RATE

AVAIL GUIDE G.R. FLD RATE PHASE YES 1 YES 100 LIQ / LIQ /

FIELD oil rate target: 50000 STB/DAY Platforms water handling limits: 10000 STB/DAY The four well groups have equal guide rates because they are manifold groups subordinate to a group under rate control

FIELD

PLAT-A

PLAT-B

GR-A1

GR-A2

GR-B1

GR-B2

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How to set up a Standard Network

6. Define automatic pump/compressor if required

GNETPUMP -- Group RATE -- Name LIMIT GR-B1 500

PHASE OIL

NEW VFP TAB NO 1*

NEW LIFT QUANTITY 50

NEW GAS CONSUMP /

A pump between GR-B1 to PLAT-B will be on if the oil rate of GR-B1 falls below 500 Stb/D The pump is represented by the VFP table that is defined previously in GRUPNET with an ALQ of 50 (pump rating) A zero or negative rate limit will turn off this option The gas consumption is also subtracted from the flow rate between GR-B1 to PLAT-B

FIELD

PLAT-A

PLAT-B

GR-A1

GR-A2

GR-B1

GR-B2

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Balancing the Network

t=t+Dt

Fixed pressures

Reservoir conditions Nodal pressure Pki-1 Well & group production rates

i=i+1 no

Pipeline pressure loss between nodes k & k+1: Dpik, k+1

DP i k ,k 1 DP i 1k ,k 1 ?

yes

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How to Set Up a Standard Network

7. Define Network Balance Parameters (optional)
Keyword NETBALAN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Balance Interval

Tolerance for Nodal P

Max. no. iteration for balance

Tol. Of GRAT target for THP of manifold & DP of chokes

Max. no. iteration for THP

Target DP for largest branch balancing errors

Max. DP for largest branch balancing errors

Min. timesteps limited by balancing errors

Default Values 0.0 1.45 psi 10 0.01 10 Infinity Infinity TSMINZ in TUNING

Network balancing interval (item 1) >0.0: at the beginning of each time step that starts after the specified interval has elapsed since the previous balancing; e.g. 5 - balancing every 5 days =0.0: at the beginning of every time step

<0.0: in the each of the first NUPCOL Newton iterations of every time step

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Extended Network
Only for Production Networks

The network structure

GA1 FIELD N1 N2

GA2 N3 N4

A gathering tree structure of nodes and branches FIELD is the fixed pressure node All well groups feed into the trunkline at nodes N1, N2,N3,N4

GB1

GB2

The group control hierarchy

GA1, GA2 belong to Company A GB1, GB2 belong to Company B

COMP-A

FIELD

COMP-B

GA1

GA2

GB1

GB2

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How to set up an Extended Network - 1

1. Define Group Control Hierarchy and Production Target as usual

Source nodes: those that inject flow into the network. e.g. GA1, GA2, GB1, GB2 they must be well-groups, satellite groups, or master groups in RC they should correspond to groups in GRUPTREE with the same names
SCHEDULE section GRUPTREE GA1 COMP-A / GA2 COMP-A / GB1 COMP-B / GB2 COMP-B / / GCONPROD FIELD ORAT 50000 / COMP* NONE 1* 10000 2* RATE / G* NONE 6* 100 LIQ / /

FIELD

COMP-A

COMP-B

GA1

GA2

GB1

GB2

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How to set up an Extended Network - 2

2. Enable the Extended Network Model
RUNSPEC section NETWORK -- Max No. -- Nodes 9

Max No. Branches 8/

GA1 N1 N2 GB1

GA2 N3 N4 GB2

FIELD

Network Structure

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How to set up an Extended Network - 3

3. Construct the Extended Network
SCHEDULE section 3.1 Define branches of the network BRANPROP -- Inlet Outlet VFP ALQ ALQ= -- Node Node TAB Value Dens? GB2 N4 3 / GA2 N3 2 / GB1 N2 3 / GA1 N1 9999 / N4 N3 4 / N3 N2 4 / N2 N1 5 / N1 FIELD 6 / / 9999 - no pressure drop between the two nodes

GA1 N1 N2 GB1

GA2 N3 N4 GB2

FIELD

Network Structure

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How to set up an Extended Network - 4

3. Construct the Extended Network
SCHEDULE section 3.2 Define properties of the network nodes NODEPROP -- Node Fixed Choke inlet or Add lift -- Name Pressure Manifold group? Gas? FIELD 200.0 / GB2 1* Y / / Only the fixed pressure node(s) and nodes with non-default properties need to be specified Add lift Gas: -- NO: no lift gas added -- YES: sum of the ALQs (consider WEFAC) from the subordinate producers will be used in the VFP table look up

Choke control Group

GA1

GA2

FIELD

N1

N2

N3

N4

GB1

GB2

Network Structure

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How to set up an Extended Network - 5

4. Define any Gas Consumption/Import
GA1 FIELD N1 N2 GA2 N3 N4 SCHEDULE section NCONSUMP --Node Gas consumption Group Name --Name rate at the node to remove gas N1 20 COMP-A / / or use GCONSUMP keyword

GB1

GB2

FIELD

By default: NCONSUMP does not remove gas from the source group GCONSUMP removes gas from the source group and node
COMP-A COMP-B

GA1

GA2

GB1

GB2

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How to set up an Extended Network - 6

5. Define any automatic compressors
SCHEDULE section NETCOMPA --Inlet Outlet Target Phase VFP full full Cons Type No ALQ Seq --node node group tab ALQ Cons group levels level_1 No. GA1 N1 COMP-A GAS 1* 100.0 500 COMP-A MULT 3 40 / GB1 N2 COMP-B GAS 1* 50.0 0 1* TEMP / / item 3 =default (): the compressor is permanently off

FIELD

GA1 FIELD N1 N2

GA2 COMP-A N3 N4 COMP-B

GB1

GB2

GA1

GA2

GB1

GB2

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Notes on Automatic Compressors

Activated when group rate < group target/ share Switching sequence

the compressors will be turned on in increasing order of their sequence number all compressors sharing the same sequence number will be turned on simultaneously
one level at a time, ALQ & gas consumption increase linearly with the level number to their full on values

Multi-level compression (item 9 of NETCOMPA= MULT)

Production rule order

drill new wells before switch on the automatic compressors unless COMP is placed before DRILL in PRORDER

Turn off using COMPOFF. They will be turned on automatically as soon as they are needed - (item 9 =TEMP, no effect if it is PERM)

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How to set up an Extended Network - 7

6. Define any Automatic Chokes
BRANPROP -- Inlet Outlet VFP ALQ ALQ= -- Node Node TAB Value Dens? : : N1 NCHOKE 6 / NCHOKE FIELD 9999 / NODEPROP -- Node Fixed Choke inlet or Add lift Choke control -- Name Pressure Manifold group? Gas? Group NCHOKE 1* YES NO FIELD /

GA1

GA2

FIELD

N1

N2

N3

N4

NCHOKE

GB1

GB2

Network Structure

A choke is introduced to control the flow of the FIELD group by varying the inlet pressure

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Notes on Automatic Chokes

If the groups rate > target, increase the inlet pressure If the groups rate < target, decrease the inlet pressure If inlet pressure = outlet pressure, take other actions ( PRORDER) to increase the group production The choke inlet node cannot be:

fixed pressure node source node

well-groups source nodes can be designated as manifold groups

The only pressure drop across a choke branch is that caused by the action of the choke itself. The VFP table in BRANPROP should be set to 9999 The wells subordinate to the choke will respond to the choke pressure change whenever they are under THP control. ->ECLIPSE automatically makes the wells unavailable for group control

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Summary Output for Network Option

GPR - Group nodal pressure GPRG - Group nodal pressure in the gas injection network GPRW - Group nodal pressure in the water injection network GPRB - Pressure drop along the groups outlet branch GPRBG - Pressure drop along the groups inlet branch in the gas injection network GPRBW - Pressure drop along the groups inlet branch in the water injection network GALQ - ALQ in the groups outlet branch

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PRT Output for Network Option

The tree structure of the network GROUP LEVELS HIERARCHICAL DESCRIPTION OF GROUP CONTROL STRUCTURE

NETWORK OPTION DATA

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Other Keywords/facilities(1)
GNETDP

change the fixed pressure incrementally so that the production rate and the
pressure are within their range of maximum and minimum specified the gas field operations (GASFCOMP)

COMPOFF

switch off automatic compressors in the extended network (NETCOMPA) and in remove water (rate, frac) from a node in the extended network water removal ONLY affects the pressure losses in the downstream branches.
So the node must has outflow branch useful for water re-injection

NWATREM

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Other Keywords/facilities(2)
WEFAC

well efficiency factor item 3: is time average flow rate used for the extended network branch pressure loss?

Default is yes; no: maximum well flow rate used

GEFAC

group efficiency factor item 3: is time average flow rate contributed to the parent node in the extended network?

yes - time average flow rate used for all downstream pressure loss no - all down stream pressure losses reflect the full rate the pressure loss in the outlet branch still reflects the full rate The standard network is always using the full rate

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Other Keywords/facilities(3)
NEFAC

defines efficiency factor for extended network nodes which governs its

contribution to downstream nodes in the network useful for nodes that do not correspond to groups when GEFAC is used It does not change the groups efficiency factor, When the group name is the same as the nodal name, if GEFAC with item 3 being YES is entered after NEFAC, the nodal efficiency factor will get reset by GEFAC

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Other Keywords/facilities(4)
WNETDP

to apply an additional fixed pressure drop between a well's tubing head and its group's corresponding node

For a producer: THP limit = group nodal pressure + DP For an injector: THP limit = group nodal pressure DP DP=1E10:

THP limit is unchanged by group nodal pressure The wells flow is still added to the network flow

Well THP DP Group nodal pressure

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Other Keywords/facilities(5)
WAITBAL prevents PRORDER & GDRILPOT actions being performed until network is balanced WNETCTRL set well control quantity that is held constant after the network has been balanced and until the next balancing calculation default is THP others: LRAT, GRAT, WRAT

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Other Keywords/facilities(6)
OPTIONS Switch 33

number of network balancing iterations in which a well can be revived after

being closed because it cannot operate against its current THP =0, defaults to max(4, NETITR/2) , NETITR - item 3 of NETBALAN

Switch 57

if flow target is low, it is possible for the chokes pressure drop iterations to

change the pressure at the wellheads sufficiently that all wells die together. By default, wells zero flow THP is estimated by assuming all well variables (including BHP) are fixed. Set =1: only assuming that the water-cut and gas friction of the well are fixed. More accurate estimate, but longer calculation

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Important Differences in ECLIPSE 300

No sub-sea completion manifold group control. It uses automatic choke to apply rate constraints at any level of the network, both standard and extended network. Standard and extended network cannot be mixed. It can use extended network for injection network. It allows to use automatic choke in the injection network. Source node name can be different from its corresponding group name. The network is always balanced in each of the first NUPCOL Newton iterations of every time step. (This is equivalent to setting a negative balancing interval in ECLIPSE 100.) WAITBAL is activated by default Automatic pump/compressor facility is not available Fuel gas can be removed from a node - NGASREM

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References
ECLIPSE Technical Description The Network option

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