HUMAN BODY FORM & FUNCTION (OSH 1123)

BONE
-Berry Michael FAHS 1105-2077 -Deanly Bin Deliman FAHS 1105-2078 -Kua Ming Teck FAHS 1105-2083 -Mohd izzwan fitrie Bin Khairil Fitrie FAHS 1105-2085

TWO PARTS OF BONES

Axial Skeleton

Forms the long axis of the body

example : bones of the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, hyoid bone

Appendicular Skeleton

Relating to an appendage, 126 bones

example : bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder girdle, hip girdle

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Cranium Mandible Clavicle Scapula Sternum Ribs Vertebrae Innominate Sacrum coccyx

Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Phalanges Metacarpals Femur Patela Fibula Tibia Tarsal Metatarsal

attachment

Support Protection

Function of Borne

Blood cell formation

Mineral storage

movement

TYPES OF BONES

Long Bones - metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula Short Bones - carpals, tarsals Flat Bones - rib, scapula, skull, sternum

Bones

- vertebrae, some facial bones

Short borne - carpal or wrist borne

spongy bone Proximal compact bone Endosteum

epiphysis

diaphysis

epiphyseal line
yellow marrow

Sharpeys fibers Distal epiphysis

hyaline cartilage

periosteum

The Vertebral Column

Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae (12) Lumbar Vertberae (5) Sacrum (5) Coccyx (4)

JOINTS
JOINTS: WHERE TWO or MORE BONES MEET Joints are responsible for keeping bones far enough apart so they do not rub against each other as they move, preventing damage. At the same time, joints hold the bones in place. Different joints permit different amounts of movement. Joints are classified by the amount and type of movement they permit.

CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
Three

Main Types

Immovable- A fixed joint, one that allows no movement

bones of skull, pelvis, and sacrum

Slightly movable- joint that permits a small amount of restricted movement

between vertebrae, two bones of lower leg

Freely movable- Permit movement in one or more directions

CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

Immovable

bones of skull, pelvis, and sacrum

Ribs

Slightly movable

between vertebrae, two bones of lower leg

Vertebra

Pelvis

skull

Tibia and Fibula

FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS

TYPES OF FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS

A.

BALL AND SOCKET JOINT Permits circular movement - the widest range of movement.

SHOULDER Joint- which enables you to move your arm up, down, forward and backward, as well as to rotate it in a complete circle. HIP Joint- same range of motion.

TYPES OF FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS CONTINUED

B. HINGED JOINT - Permits a backand-forth motion.

The Knee- enables your leg to flex and extend. The Elbow -allows you to move your forearm forward and backward. The Phalanges

C. PIVOT JOINT - Permits rotation of one bone around another.

The elbow enables your hand to turn over. (radius rotates around ulna) It also allows you to turn your head from side to side. (atlas rotates around axis)

TYPES OF FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS CONTINUED

D. GLIDING JOINT - Permits a sliding motion of one bone over another.

Found at ends of the collarbones, between wrist bones, and between anklebones.

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E. SADDLE JOINTPermits movement in two planes.

This type of joint is found at the base of the thumb

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