Inversion, Attributes & AVO

4D Seismic Monitoring and Characterization

developed by WesternGeco

Inversion, Attributes & AVO

4D Reservoir Management

4D is a
proven reservoir management tool unique measure of spatial reservoir changes

1991 - 1997
Drained zone

R110 target area

Visual 4D interpretation
bypassed oil compartments

Quantitative 4D interpretation

High pressure zone

SF C

extracts the maximum benefit from 4D distribution of remaining hydrocarbon

Timely results needed

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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Recently Published Case Studies

Gannet-C (North Sea, Shell UK) Identify compartmentalization and reservoir structure Statfjord (North Sea, Statoil) Saturation map confirms minimal bypassed oil Draugen (North Sea, Norske Shell) Well placement avoids poor well performance and extends production South Timbalier (Gulf of Mexico, Shell) Reservoir model improved by integrating 4D and production data

Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Gannet-C Case History

Time-Lapse Seismic Surveys in the North Sea and Their Business Impact
Klaas Koster and Pieter Gabriels
(Norske Shell, Stavanger)

Matthias Hartung and John Verbeek

(Shell Expro, Aberdeen)

and Geurt Deinum and Rob Staples

(Shell Technology EP, Rijswijk)

The Leading Edge, March 2000

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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Visual Interpretation
MONITOR Seismic

BASE Seismic

Rebin, Normalize, Attributes, Difference

Fluid/ Contact Movement

Measured Seismic Change

Bypassed Pay

Compartments
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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Gannet-C Field

UK North Sea Central Graben Ring shaped closure around central salt dome Complex radial faulting with uncertain sealing 120 m oil rim under gas cap Natural water drive, 1 gas injector Variable reservoir quality 25% decrease in amplitude at top reservoir expected
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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Gannet-C 4D Result

Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Gannet-C 4D Interpretation

Difference amplitude superimposed on top reservoir depth map

Gas injection well avoided 10:1 value ratio reported

Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Statfjord Case History

Statfjord Field 4D Reservoir Monitoring: Project Plan and Initial Results

ge Kristensen
(Statoil)

and
Bob Seymour
(Western Geophysical) PETEX98 Scaling The Peaks London, UK 1-3 December 1998
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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Statfjord Field
62 00`

Flor

34

35

36

Giant, mature oilfield in the northern part of the Viking Graben stradling the Norwegian and UK sectors Water drive from line-drive injectors in aquifer Porosity 18-29%; N/G ~ 75% Up to 10% change in acoustic impedance expected

12

10

11

12

10

11

12

10

11

61 61

0000` 29

30

31

00 00`

00`

00

00

Snorre SF Nord Vigdis Visund Statfjord Tordis Gullfaks Gullfaks Sr Kvitebjrn Rimfaks GF Gamma

SF st

Huldra

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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Statfjord Field Production

C Platform

50

Actual Predicted

B Platform A Platform

106 x Sm/year

40 30 20 10

79

84

89

94

99

04

09

14

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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Saturation Mapping from Inverted Data

AI 97

AI 91

AI

AI

Well Calibration

Sw Sw
12

Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Sw Versus RS Calibration - Tarbert 91-97 Differences r = -0.79

0.0

-0.75

Sw (%)
Reflection Strength

RS
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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Cokriged 91-97 Sw - Tarbert

Eclipse RS

Tarbert Sw 91-97 (%)

-50 -25 0

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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Validation of Sw S est Predictions S Eclipse S cokriging

w97 w91 w9197

5 4 2

1 70 Predicted Sw (%)

5 Wells Drilled Post 97 1 2 34 5

Eclipse Prediction
RS - Based Prediction

20 3
Tarbert Sw 97 (%) 1 0

20

15

70 Actual Sw (%) Post 97 Wells

Inversion, Attributes & AVO

South Timbalier Case History

Reservoir Characterization by Integration of Time-Lapse Seismic and Production Data

Xuri Huang, Laurent Meister and Rick Workman
(Western Geophysical)

SPE 38695 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition San Antonio, Texas 5-8 October 1997
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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Seismic History Matching

MONITOR Seismic

BASE Seismic

Rebin, Normalize, Attributes, Difference

Predicted Seismic Change Compare and Update Model

Measured Seismic Change

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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

South Timbalier Field

Located in the Gulf of Mexico, offshore Louisiana The reservoir is a fine grained, moderately sorted sandstone which pinches out onto a salt-related structural high. Natural water drive Porosity is ~31%; Permeability is ~500 MD 11% change in acoustic impedance expected

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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Amplitude Differences at Reservoir

Measured Seismic Difference
3375

Difference Predicted by Initial Model

3375

Difference Predicted by Optimized Model

3375

2750
120

Inline

2750

Inline

2750

Inline

Xline

220

120

Xline

220

120

Xline

220

-500
19

2500

Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Production History Match

Measured Matched to Seismic and Production Data Matched to Seismic Data Only Matched to Production Data Only

2000 1800 1600 1400

Water rate (bpd)

1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 Months

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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Simulated Water Saturation

Pre-Production (Sw)

Post-Production (Sw) (Production only)

Z Y X

Post-Production (Sw) (Production and Seismic)

Z Y X

A
Z
Y X

0.00

Water Saturation

1.0

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Inversion, Attributes & AVO

Learning Resources for Geophysics

SEG
Leading edge articles Geophysics Journal Publications List Continuing Education Distinguished Lectures Annual Convention

EAEG
First Break Geophysical Prospecting Publications and Conference

AAPG
Explorer Convention

Vendors Company Training Company Networks

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