Sir Isaac Newton

(1642-1727),

Introduction
Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727), mathematician and physicist, one of the

foremost scientific intellects of all time. Born at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, where he attended school, he entered Cambridge University in 1661; he was elected a Fellow of Trinity College in 1667, and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 1669. He remained at the university, lecturing in most years, until 1696. Of these Cambridge years, in which Newton was at the height of his creative power, he singled out 1665-1666 (spent largely in Lincolnshire because of plague in Cambridge) as "the prime of my age for invention". During two to three years of intense mental effort he prepared Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) commonly known as the Principia, although this was not published until 1687.

 As a firm opponent of the attempt by King James II to make the universities

into Catholic institutions, Newton was elected Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament of 1689, and sat again in 1701-1702. Meanwhile, in 1696 he had moved to London as Warden of the Royal Mint. He became Master of the Mint in 1699, an office he retained to his death. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1671, and in 1703 he became President, being annually re-elected for the rest of his life. His major work, Opticks, appeared the next year; he was knighted in Cambridge in 1705. As Newtonian science became increasingly accepted on the Continent, and especially after a general peace was restored in 1714, following the War of the Spanish Succession, Newton became the most highly esteemed natural philosopher in Europe. His last decades were passed in revising his major works, polishing his studies of ancient history, and defending himself against critics, as well as carrying out his official duties. Newton was modest, diffident, and a man of simple tastes. He was angered by criticism or opposition, and harboured resentment; he was harsh towards enemies but generous to friends. In government, and at the Royal Society, he proved an able administrator. He never married and lived modestly, but was buried with great pomp in Westminster Abbey. Newton has been regarded for almost 300 years as the founding examplar of modern physical science, his achievements in experimental investigation being as innovative as those in mathematical research. With equal, if not greater, energy and originality he also plunged into chemistry, the early history of Western civilization, and theology; among his special studies was an investigation of the form and dimensions, as described in the Bible, of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem.

Body(Discussion)
Works About Motion Newtons Laws of Motion. -First Law( The law of inertia) *Newton's First Law (also known as the Law of Inertia) states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest and that an object in uniform motion tends to stay in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force. The meaning of this law is the existence of reference frames (called inertial frames) where objects not acted upon by forces move in uniform motion (in particular, they may be at rest).

Example.

-The second law( The Law of Acceleration) *Newton's Second Law states that an applied force, , on an object equals the rate of change of its momentum, , with time. Mathematically, this is expressed as

Since the law applies only to systems of constant

mass,[104] m can be brought out of the derivative operator. By substitution using the definition of acceleration, the equation can be written in the iconic form

The first and second laws represent a break with the physics

of Aristotle in which it was believed that a force was necessary in order to maintain motion. They state that a force is only needed in order to change an object's state of motion. The SI unit of force is the newton, named in Newton's honour.

Example.

-The third law( The law of Interaction) *Newton's Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that any force exerted onto an object has a counterpart force that is exerted in the opposite direction back onto the first object. A common example is of two ice skaters pushing against each other and sliding apart in opposite directions. Another example is the recoil of a firearm, in which the force propelling the bullet is exerted equally back onto the gun and is felt by the shooter. Since the objects in question do not necessarily have the same mass, the resulting acceleration of the two objects can be different (as in the case of firearm recoil).

Reaction/Conclusion

Sir Isaac Newton made great contributions in the field of Physics. With his ideas, we had new great perspectives about the concept of motion. With his laws of motion respectively the law of inertia, acceleration, and interaction. In the first law he describes the forces acting on specific objects . For example, a box on a table, even if it is not moving, there still a force acting on that box, the weight and the normal force. And when you pushes that box, the tendency of friction and actual forces starts. A body will preserve its velocity and direction as long as no force in its motions direction acts on it. The second law for me states that if the force is doubled, the acceleration is also doubled because, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net external forces exerted on it.

the third law explains the force exerted on the interaction of two objects. Example a comb rubbing againsts a cloth, on both sides there is a force, wherein there in no isolated force. Even if the comb is the only one in action, the cloth returns back a kind of force. Overall, Sir Isaac Newton is really great Physicists. Using his critical thinkings, he formulate his law of motions which were very essential.

References
BOOKS

-Exploring Science And Technology Physics(DIWA textbooks) Electronic Resources

-Wikipedia