Life of Holy Prophet SAW in Madina

Instructor Muhammad Hassaan

Overview
Three major themes underlie the Madinese period 1. Implementation of Divine Commands 2. Criticism of Jews, Christians and Hypocrites 3. Emphasis on Jihad

Judaism
According to Jews, Judaism is the covenantal relation established between God and the Children of Israel Major Holy books of the Jews are Torah and Talmud The Torah is the name given to the first five books of the Bible The Talmud is the Oral Law, forming the basis of rabbinic literature

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Musa (AS) is considered the greatest Prophet by Jews Rabbis are scholars of Judaism and have had enormous influence in the development of Judaism Jews are monotheists Judaism is primarily a religion of practice The Jews and the Christians are collectively termed as the Ahl e Kitab in the Quran

Jewish Tribes Surrounding Madina

The Jews lived in the vicinity of Madina. They were employed in agriculture, sword-making and money lending The three major Jewish tribes were: Banu Qaynuqa (Expelled after the Battle of Badr for violating the treaty)


Banu Qurayza (Killed and expelled after the Battle of the Trench for assisting the Quraysh) Banu Nadir (Expelled for assassination attempt and inciting the enemies against muslims)

Christianity
Mainstream Christianity believes Isa (AS) to be the Son of God and the savior of mankind In its origin, and initial growth Christianity is an Eastern religion Christianity separated from Judaism over the centuries The Christian envoy of Najran debated with the Prophet (SAW). The initial 80 verses of Surah Aal e Imran were revealed in the context of that debate

Hypocrites
The Hypocrites never accepted Islam wholeheartedly but tried to appear as muslims Abdullah bin Ubai and Abu Amir The Monk were the leading men of this group They had built a rival mosque known as Masjid I Dirar 1. For propagating disbelief 2. For creating divisions among muslims 3. For informing the enemies of muslim secrets

The Charter of Madina

This was a formal agreement between the Prophet (SAW) , the Madinese tribes, Jews and Christians The major clauses were: Non-Muslim members have equal political and cultural rights as Muslims. They will have autonomy and freedom of religion Non-Muslims will not aid any foreign invaders

Battle of Badr
Badr was the first large scale engagement between the Makkans and the Muslims The cause was the muslim disruption of the Qurayshi trade routes Makkan losses were seventy killed, seventy captured- a humiliating defeat

Battle of the Confederates

Also known as the War of the Trench The confederates included the pagan Makkans, the Jewish tribes, and Bedouin tribes like the Banu Ghatafan Madina was besieged and the Muslims dug a trench for defense The enemies defeat was due to the vigorous Muslim defense, poor weather, and divisions among the confederates


The battle marked the end of defensive strategy for the Muslims

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
It was an agreement between the Prophet (SAW) and the pagan Quraysh. The major clauses were: 1. There will be no fighting for ten years 2. Anyone who goes to Muhammad SAW without permission from his father or guardian, will be returned to his father or guardian. But if anyone goes to the Quraish, he will not be returned


This year the muslims will go back without entering Mecca. But next year Muhammad (SAW) and his followers can enter Mecca, spend three days and perform the tawaaf

Conquest of Makkah
According to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the allies of each party were not to be harmed by the other Banu Bakr were allied with the Quraysh and the Banu Khuzaa were allied with Madina The Quraysh refused to stop their allies from attacking Banu Khuzaa This resulted in the peaceful conquest of Makkah and the Prophets (SAW) declaration of forgiveness for all his bitter enemies

The Farewell Pilgrimage

The Prophet (SAW) delivered this sermon The speech is an excellent guideline for all mankind The following points were emphasized: 1. Propagation of the message 2. End of blood-feuds 3. Rights to Woman 4. Equality of Mankind 5. Seal of Prophethood

State Building process in Madina

The responsibilites of the Prophet expanded in Madina which included the building of an Ummah This state-building process included: Declaration of War, distribution of war booty, and Peace Treaties Hudood imposition on adultery, theft and treason Zakat collection and public welfare schemes etc.

THANK YOU