MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

Anything that occupies space, possess mass and the presence of which can be felt by any one or more of our five senses is called Matter.

MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

Characteristics of Particles of Matter:

The particles of matter have spaces between them. The size and number of these

spaces, however, differ from one kind of matter to the other. Whenever sugar/salt, or any other substance dissolve in water, the particles of one type of matter (salt/ sugar or the substance) get into the spaces between the particles of the other (water).

MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

When we put an incense stick (Agarbatti) in the corner of the room, we will have to go very close to the stick to get its smell. Then when we light the incense stick, we will observe that we will get the smell while sitting at a distance from a stick. We can explain from this observation only if we say that particles of matter are continuously moving. In other words, particles of matter posses kinetic energy which increases with rise in temperature.

MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

Particles of matter attract each other. In other words, a force of

attraction acts between the particles of matter which keep them together. The strength of this force, however, differs from one kind of matter to the other.

MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

Matter around us exists in three forms. They are: Solids. Ice, stone, sand, gold, iron, etc. Liquids. Water, milk, petrol, cold drink, etc. Gases. Air, oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia, etc.

MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases:
PROPERTIES
Interparticle Spaces Interparticle Force Nature Compressibility Density Kinetic energy Diffusion

SOLID
Very small. Very strong. Very hard and rigid. Negligible. Very high. Very low. Very slow.

LIQUID
Comparatively large. Weak. Fluid. Very small. Medium. Medium. Medium.

GAS
Very large. Very weak. Highly fluid. Highly compressible. Very low. Very high. Very fast.

MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

State of matter can be change by

Changing the Temperature For example:

On increasing the temperature of solids, the kinetic energy of the particles increases and the particle starts vibrating with greater speed. The energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles. The particles live their fixed positions and start moving more freely. A stage is reached when the solids melts and is converted to a liquid.

MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

Changing the Pressure For example:

To make solid carbon dioxide, it is stored under high pressure. Solid carbon dioxide gets converted directly into to gaseous state on decrease of pressure to 1 atmosphere without coming into liquid state. This is reason that solid carbon dioxide is also known as dry ice.

MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

Interconversion of the three states of matter

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Made by: Parichita Nandi Of IX-B