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Static electricity?
It is the ability of fibers to draw and retain electrical charges from the air resulting in a build up on the fabrics surface. The electricity is generated by friction of a fabric against itself or against another fabric or object. Some fabrics are inherently static. Fabrics with static electricity: produce shocks cause garments to cling together or to the wearer attract dirt or lint allow dirt to adhere to the fabric muting colors or fabric
Antistatic Finish
Definition
Antistatic finishes involve chemical substances applied as wet finishes for the purpose of reducing or eliminating static. These chemicals absorb small amount of moisture from the atmosphere, thus reducing the dryness of the fabric that reduces the static conduct.
Antistatic Finish
Purpose
Antistatic finishes tend to: improve the surface conductivity, and thereby helps the electrons to move either to the ground or to the atmosphere attract molecules of water to the surface, which increase the conductance and carry away the static charges develop an electric charge opposite that of the fiber, which neutralizes the electrostatic charge. The most effective finish combines all the three effects.
Antistatic Finish
Fibers treated with Antistatic Finish:
Hydrophobic fibers (synthetic fibers except acetate & rayon). Antistatic finish is also required for natural fibers, but only if they are very dry (wool, cotton ) in which case they act as if they are hydrophobic. Glass is an exception because of its composition.
Radio active eliminators are also used for the same purpose using radio isotope Thallium 204
Anti-static agents can be applied to filaments, yarns or fabrics.
Mechanism
Antistatic agents increases the conductivity of the fiber surface and reduces the frictional forces through lubrication. Forms an intermediate hygroscopic layer on the surface. The effectiveness of hygroscopic layer depends greatly on the humidity of the surrounding air during actual use; lower humidity leads to lower conductivity and greater problems. In non-polymeric antistatic finishes, the hydrophobic structure parts of the molecule act as lubricants to reduce charge buildup.
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Mechanism
Cationic antistatic agents align with hydrophobic group away from the fiber surface. Antistatic effect from anionic and non-ionic increases conductivity from mobile ions and the hydration layer that surrounds the hydrophilic portion of the molecule.
Non-Durable
finishes
Durable finishes
Non-Durable Finishes
Preferred for fibers and yarn processing finishes. Since ease of removal is important.
low volatility low flammability non-yellowing (heat stable)
non-corrosive
low foaming properties
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Non-Durable Finishes
1. Esters of phosphoric acid
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Non-Durable Finishes
2.
Quaternary ammonium:
Forms the second largest group of non-durable antistats. Most widely used are - di tallowdimethylammonium chloride
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Non-Durable Finishes
3.
- alkylamines
The non-ionic materials provide increased moisture absorption and cationic products provides the mobile counter ions.
Durable Finishes
Difficult to achieve Principle involved to form a cross linked polymer network containing hydrophilic groups Steps involved in application Polyamines are reacted with poly glycols to make cross linked structures Polymers are formed prior to application to fabric or in situ on the fiber surface
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Durable Finishes
Variety of cross linking can be used based on poly epoxides
Larger the hydrophilic portion, the more moisture is absorbed and greater the antistatic effect obtained
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Durable Finishes
Process
On the basis of their application, antistatic finishes can be classified as:
Chemical Process Mechanical Process
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The amount of ash transferred to the fabric indicates the amount of static charge imparted to the fabric.
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Any residual electrical charges causes the fabric to cling to the plate.
Time required for the fabric to be released from the plant is measured. The shorter the cling time better the antistatic properties.
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Fabrics
Used to measure the surface resistivity of fabrics. The voltage drop across a ring electrode system is used to determine the fabrics resistivity A resistivity value of 1011ohm/ square or lower is considered to be indicative of a fabric with negligible static propensity. The national fire protection Association (NFPA) has specified a resistivity of 1011ohm/ square for textiles intended for use in operating rooms with flammable anesthetic gases.
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1x1010 5x1010
>5x1010
Limit of sufficient
insufficient
This method is easy and relatively reproducible to determine with the ring electrode. But it is based on a static test with no information about the important charging and discharging behavior of the textiles. Therefore, combination with a charge dissipation test is favoured.
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Uses
Carpets for computer room. Upholstery fabrics Airbags for automobiles Conveyor belts Filtration fabrics Airmail bags Parachutes. Fabrics for hospital operating rooms. And protective clothing for work with flammable gases, liquids and powdered solids.
The perfect fusion of two great strengths, anti-static fiber and conductive fiber.
High performance anti-static uniform material project made possible by a duct of new anti-static technologies. Blazing the frontier of the new age of antistatic uniforms.
Textile science B.P.G. Gohl Textile fiber to fabric B.P. Corbman Fabric finishing J.J. Pizzuto Understanding fabrics Debbie Ann Gioello Textile finishing - R.S. Pragya